physical properties
that we want to determine for
two common physical properties organic compounds
'
melting point / boiling point and
solubility e- ÷ random movement
-
LDF :
factors that Affect M.p and b. p .
DD :
fixed polar molecule
1. intermolecular forces
:
( DF , DD , HB
HB :
powerful version , 01N , -5
↳ When
stronger forces are more is required
present ,
energy
to break apart molecules
Shape / linear / less branches forces
2.
branching
⇒
stronger
:
spherical / lots of branches ⇒ weaker forces
LDFDDH-Bonding- tips on
ranking M.p / b. p
✗ 1) Compare size IIDF ) bigger molecules
Alkanes ✓ ✗ ,
✓ ✗ have stronger forces
alkenes ✗
paraffin wax
CH4lq) 9 (81-11811) { Csothoacs )
Alkynes
✓ ✗
✗
methane octane
✓ higher m.pe/b.p
benzene ✗ ✗
✓ ✓ 2) if functional
Alkyl halides comparing
✗ same # of C 's , check
alcohol ✓ ✓ ✓ Ctlyig) < CHz0Hu)
group
:
W ✓ if shape
carboxylic ✓ 3)
comparing isomers ,
look at
acids -12°C
-1 "
extra branch
esters ✓ ✓✓ ✗ >
higher mplbp
fractional distillation
b. Of different compounds to
p
-
.
separate crude oil
rate the
following compounds from highest to lowest b'
P '
↳ crude oil : raw product from the
2-
methyl pentane hexane a- 2-
dimethyl butane oil rig , mix of hydrocarbons
fractional distillation column used to
'
I 3
- i. 2 neat crude oil ,
materials separate
based on b. p
' i .
: i
'
↳ smallest molecules
gototop
-
.
( 110W b-
p)
( 61-116 61-114 ( 61-1,4
.
↳
largest molecules go to bottom
( high b. )
p
pentanoic acid pent 2. ene
butyl methanoate pentan -1-01
-
i no
°" °
, 3 4 got
greater IMF =
greater M.p and b. p .
polar dissolves polar polar non-polar
non-polar dissolves non-polar alcohol, halides , c. acid alkane , alkene , alkyne
liters aromatic
water
that we want to determine for
two common physical properties organic compounds
'
melting point / boiling point and
solubility e- ÷ random movement
-
LDF :
factors that Affect M.p and b. p .
DD :
fixed polar molecule
1. intermolecular forces
:
( DF , DD , HB
HB :
powerful version , 01N , -5
↳ When
stronger forces are more is required
present ,
energy
to break apart molecules
Shape / linear / less branches forces
2.
branching
⇒
stronger
:
spherical / lots of branches ⇒ weaker forces
LDFDDH-Bonding- tips on
ranking M.p / b. p
✗ 1) Compare size IIDF ) bigger molecules
Alkanes ✓ ✗ ,
✓ ✗ have stronger forces
alkenes ✗
paraffin wax
CH4lq) 9 (81-11811) { Csothoacs )
Alkynes
✓ ✗
✗
methane octane
✓ higher m.pe/b.p
benzene ✗ ✗
✓ ✓ 2) if functional
Alkyl halides comparing
✗ same # of C 's , check
alcohol ✓ ✓ ✓ Ctlyig) < CHz0Hu)
group
:
W ✓ if shape
carboxylic ✓ 3)
comparing isomers ,
look at
acids -12°C
-1 "
extra branch
esters ✓ ✓✓ ✗ >
higher mplbp
fractional distillation
b. Of different compounds to
p
-
.
separate crude oil
rate the
following compounds from highest to lowest b'
P '
↳ crude oil : raw product from the
2-
methyl pentane hexane a- 2-
dimethyl butane oil rig , mix of hydrocarbons
fractional distillation column used to
'
I 3
- i. 2 neat crude oil ,
materials separate
based on b. p
' i .
: i
'
↳ smallest molecules
gototop
-
.
( 110W b-
p)
( 61-116 61-114 ( 61-1,4
.
↳
largest molecules go to bottom
( high b. )
p
pentanoic acid pent 2. ene
butyl methanoate pentan -1-01
-
i no
°" °
, 3 4 got
greater IMF =
greater M.p and b. p .
polar dissolves polar polar non-polar
non-polar dissolves non-polar alcohol, halides , c. acid alkane , alkene , alkyne
liters aromatic
water
