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Samenvatting Algemene Fysiologie

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Volledige samenvatting van het vak Algemene fysiologie voor het eerste jaar kinesitherapie.

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Chapter 1 to 2
Uploaded on
September 5, 2021
Number of pages
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Written in
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1 inleiding in de fysiologie
*= essentie is belangrijk, voornamelijk binnen het opleidingsonderdeel
**= geheel is belangrijk, voornamelijk binnen het opleidingsonderdeel
***= PAK: parate kennis, vak-en jaar overschrijdend!

wat is fysiologie:
- werking en functie van levende materie
- biologische functies
- gaat samen met andere wetenschappen: anatomie, biochemie, chemie, fysica

**karakteristieken van leven
1) complex, georganiseerd en bestaande uit cellen
2) gekenmerkt door homeostase
3) reageren op prikkels
4) nood aan energie: fotosynthese(=autotroof), autotroof(=energie uit zonlicht),
heterotroof (=energie uit voedingsstoffen)
5) mogelijkheid tot groei
6) mogelijkheid tot reproductie
7) capaciteit om te evolueren


** fysiologische systemen
- atom= the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that
element vb: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
- molecule= a combination of atoms vb: water, glucose, DNA
- cell= the smallest unit of life vb: red blood cells, nerve cell
- tissue= a group of similar cells that perform a specific function vb: epithelial
tissue
- organ= a structure usually composed of several tissue types that form a
functional unit vb: the stomach
- organ system= two or more organs working together in the execution of a
specific body function vb: the digestive sytem
- multicellular organism= an individual living thing composed of many cells vb:
antelope
- population= members of one species inhabiting the same area vb: herd of
antilope
- community= two or more populations of different species living and interacting
in the same area vb: antelope, hawk, grass




1

,**homeostase




input signal-> integrating center-> output signal-> response




Homeostase:
- feedback mechanismen: output wordt teruggevoerd
aan de invoer
- negatieve feedbackloop: de response loop afzetten
- positieve feedbackloop (homeostase): de variabele
verder van het setpunt zetten.
- Feedforward mechanismen: cruise control op heuvel




2

,Belangrijkste concepten in fysiologie
1) homeostasis and control systems
2) biological energy use
3) mechanical properties of cells, tissues and organs. Molecular interactions
4) communication, information flow, mass flow


wetenschap achter fysiologie
observation-> question-> hypothesis-> prediction-> experiment or observation->
conclusion
hypothesis not supported, pose new hypothesis
hypothesis supported, make more predictions




3

, 2 moleculaire interacties
herhaling chemie
atomen (vb: helium, He) bestaan uit:
- elektronen(-)= een atoom dat elektronen opneemt of afgeeft -> wordt een ion
van hetzelfde element
- protonen(+)= een atoom dat protonen opneemt of afgeeft -> wordt een ander
element -> helium geeft 1 proton (en 2 neutronen) af en wordt waterstof H
- neutronen= een atoom dat neutronen opneemt of afgeeft -> wordt een isotoop
van hetzelfde element

belangrijke ions:
- cations (positief geladen ion)= Na+, K+, Ca2+, H+, Mg2+
- anions(negatief geladen ions)=Cl-, HCO3-(bicarbonaat), HPO42-(fosfaat), SO42-
(sulfaat)




biomoleculen




4
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