RELI 448 FINAL EXAM 1 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS V1

RELI 448 FINAL EXAM 1 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS V1 Page 1 Question 1. 1. (TCO 1) Belief in many gods is called: (Points : 4) polytheism. monotheism. agnosticism. atheism. Question 2. 2. (TCO 1) Theology literally means: (Points : 4) the love of wisdom. the study of man. the study of God. the study of the soul. Question 3. 3. (TCO 2) Who was the German theologian who argued in The Idea of the Holy that religions emerge when people experience that aspect of reality which is essentially mysterious? (Points : 4) William James Carl Gustav Jung Rudolf Otto E.B. Tylor Question 4. 4. (TCO 4) Who was the Scottish anthropologist and author of The Golden Bough who saw the origins of religion in early attempts by human beings to influence nature and who identified religion as an intermediate stage between magic and science? (Points : 4) James Frazer Rudolf Otto William James Wilhelm Schmidt Question 5. 5. (TCO 4) What is the name of the Austrian ethnographer and philologist who argued that all humankind once believed in a single High God and that to this simple monotheism later beliefs in lesser gods and spirits were added? (Points : 4) James Frazer William James Wilhelm Schmidt Carl Gustav Jung Question 6. 6. (TCO 8) One feature that probably contributed to the rich developments in Hinduism was which of the following? (Points : 4) the constant invasions of India by foreigners the frequent floods and fires across India India's isolation from other areas India's extensive natural resources Question 7. 7. (TCO 8) The term meaning non-harm or nonviolence is: (Points : 4) moksha. guru. ahimsa. maya. Question 8. 8. (TCO 9) In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna counsels Arjuna to: (Points : 4) meditate to experience moksha. work unselfishly for others. adhere to one's duty (dharma) in this life. engage in nonviolent resistance. Question 9. 9. (TCO 10) The most accurate descriptor of Jainism is: (Points : 4) polytheistic. monotheistic. atheistic. nontheistic. Question 10. 10. (TCO 8) According to the Buddha, his teachings must be: (Points : 4) accepted on faith. experienced by oneself. memorized and chanted. spread by missionaries. Question 11. 11. (TCO 8) The Buddhist term for sorrow or suffering is: (Points : 4) dukkha. tanha. anatta. anichcha. Question 12. 12. (TCO 8) The Chinese word for "propriety," savoir faire, "ritual" is: (Points : 4) Ren (jen). Wen. Shu. Li. Question 13. 13. (TCO 8) Confucius thought the most important relationship was: (Points : 4) ruler-subject. husband-wife. father-son. friend-friend. Question 14. 14. (TCO 9) According to the Daoists, if one leaves behind desires for individual things, one will: (Points : 4) die. be reborn to a better life. see things differently. become nameless. Question 15. 15. (TCO 9) In Zhuangzi's (Chuang Tzu's) famous dream, he was not certain that he was not: (Points : 4) Confucius. an ox. a butterfly. a Daoist. Question 16. 16. (TCO 5) All of the following minor religions are offshoots of a major world religion except: (Points : 4) Baha'i. Jainism. Sikhism. Taoism. Question 17. 17. (TCO 11) Shinto is characterized by: (Points : 4) respect for nature and a centralized religious bureaucracy. love of beauty but little influence on Japanese art. love of beauty but few religious rituals. respect for nature and many religious rituals. Question 18. 18. (TCO 6) Someone inspired by God to speak for him was called a: (Points : 4) priest. rabbi. prophet. king. Question 19. 19. (TCO 6) The sacred core of the Hebrew Bible is called the: (Points : 4) Torah. Talmud. Writings. Prophets. Question 20. 20. (TCO 6) The Jewish Day of Atonement is: (Points : 4) Hanukkah. Passover. Purim. Yom Kippur. Question 21. 21. (TCO 7) The view that God's imminent divine judgment and the end of the world is near is: (Points : 4) messianism. apocalypticism. redemption. schism. Question 22. 22. (TCO 7) Letters written in the New Testament to instruct, encourage, and solve problems are called: (Points : 4) Gospels. Epistles. Acts. Revelations. Question 23. 23. (TCO 6) Muhammad's job before he became a prophet was as a: (Points : 4) merchant. date grower. caravan driver. camel breeder. Question 24. 24. (TCO 6) The month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is known as: (Points : 4) Id al-Adha. Kabah. Ramadan. Qur'an. Question 25. 25. (TCO 12) The Baha'is found a messianic figure in: (Points : 4) a young Persian aristocrat, Baha'u'llah. an Ethiopian king. a writer of science fiction. a Jamaican farmer. Page 2 Question 1. 1. (TCO 4) Compare and contrast Carl Gustav Jung's theory about the origin of religions with William James's theory. How do each of these psychologists view religion (positively or negatively)? Next, analyze how the insights of Jung or James might illuminate your religious tradition or the tradition with which you are the most familiar. How would Jung or James understand that tradition? Use specific examples to support your answer (e.g., a specific belief or ritual). (Points : 50) Carl Jung goes on to explain his theory on human personality based on his belief that human has an undeniable nature of religion. Whereas William James recognized the mental processes and personality traits as our physical bodies where consciousness is embedded in our psyche and it is not a separate entity. James differentiated between the institutionalized religion and personal religion, between healthy minded and sick souled religion but Jung defined religion with a more positivistic approach appreciating religious symbolism. For instance in the Hindu religious system we have the ritual of animal sacrifice which contain archetypes. In addition to this we also have a collective unconscious which worked for so long in our tradition and none among the collective entity ever felt the need to abolish such rituals. The eruption of such rituals from the consciousness into the realm of consciousness has been viewed by Jung as the basis of religious experience and also often of artistic creativity. Although such rituals are moving towards the cliff slowly still the evil eyes of those in power always chase our respected God or so to say us in general. 2. (TCO 9) Identify and analyze the Three Marks of Reality; in particular, concept of the no-soul doctrine. How do these differ from the Hindu concept of reality? Include enough details to support your answer. (Points : 50) There are Three Marks of Reality; Anatta; notself, Anicca; all things and experiences are inconstant, and Dukkha; suffering as a fundamental and unavoidable aspect of existence. The concept of the no-soul doctrine refers to the Anatta, which states that is no such thing as a permanent self or soul, in that we are constantly changing and evolving. On the other side Hinduism are true believer of Atman or soul but Buddhism do not fine Atman and rather found no self, no ultimate reality within , no essence underlying their existence. . The whole universe according to Hinduism is structured as ‘pentad’, a symbol of universal unity and harmony. ‘Pentad’ in Hinduism refers to the relationship between the true existence and the ontology that bond with pentad which later forms the cosmic harmony. Reality is the term that becomes the central focus of all Hinduism philosophies. To find this reality discovers that the true reality is not inherently presents outside of self, but in inner self. This Hinduism give importance to the convergence of self discovery. In Hinduism, those who know themselves will know the reality. 3. (TCO 3) Explain and evaluate Thomas Aquinas' Cosmological Argument for the existence of God: The first and plainest is the method that proceeds from the point of view of motion. It is certain and in accord with experience, that things on earth undergo change. Now, everything that is moved is moved by something; nothing, indeed, is changed, except it is changed to something which it is in potentiality. Moreover, anything moves in accordance with something actually existing; change itself, is nothing else than to bring forth something from potentiality into actuality. Now, nothing can be brought from potentiality to actual existence except through something actually existing: thus heat in action, as fire, makes fire-wood, which is hot in potentiality, to be hot actually, and through this process, changes itself. The same thing cannot at the same time be actually and potentially the same thing, but only in regard to different things. What is actually hot cannot be at the same time potentially hot, but it is possible for it at the same time to be potentially cold. It is impossible, then, that anything should be both mover and the thing moved, in regard to the same thing and in the same way, or that it should move itself. Everything, therefore, is moved by something else. If, then, that by which it is moved, is also moved, this must be moved by something still different, and this, again, by something else. But this process cannot go on to infinity because there would not be any first mover, nor, because of this fact, anything else in motion, as the succeeding things would not move except because of what is moved by the first mover, just as a stick is not moved except through what is moved from the hand. Therefore it is necessary to go back to some first mover, which is itself moved by nothing--and this all men know as God. Briefly explain and then evaluate this proof for the existence of God. The very word “cosmological” is a reflection of Aristotle’s sense of the data and its observation. Aristotle observed the physical world so that he can gain insight into his own world. For him everything in the universe has got some reason of occurrence as nothing comes from nothing. Thomas Aquinas offered five arguments using the idea of the first mover and the first moved, first cause, the sustainer, the source of harmony and the cause of excellence. The first way was the argument for the motion. He found out five proofs for the existence of God among which one was the theory of the first mover and the first moved. This cause and effect relationship between the things which are moved and the things which move other things must have a starting point and at one point of time their relationship must have been set in motion. As Aristotle explains this that it was a movement from a state of potentiality towards a state of actuality. Thus God as the first cause becomes the soul entity which designed and triggered the motion in their quest to become one. 4. (TCO 11) Identify and analyze three basic patterns in indigeneous religions. Use examples from African religions to support your answer. (Points : 50) Many inhabitant people across the globe adopt Indigenous religions. The first pattern in Indigenous religions is expressing the association with nature. It is important for all human beings to take care of the things surrounding them including animals, plans and nature. They consider that everything has a spirit. They also believe that cosmos has a perceptible ordinary authenticity and a deeper, unobserved sacrosanct existence. The people believe in ethic of self-possession. Human beings also give importance to animals. Second pattern in Indigenous religions is a conception of sacrosanct time and liberty that supports an intellect of distinctiveness. Participants goes to the sacrosanct time and retell stories and actions about the ancestors. They relate all the actions with myths in sacrosanct time and thus develop spirituality in everyday existence. They use this concept in different areas like planting, hunting, or rearranging to vicinity. Third pattern of Indigenous religions is respect for origins, gods, and ancestors. Al the origin stories talks about the humankind and the ethnic group. They also give importance to God and their relation with the nature. Ancestors also talk about how they are taken care of. Rites are the fundamental means for crafting synchronization with the gods or spirits, ancestors, and nature