NR 601 - Final Exam Study Guide.

NR 601 - Final Exam Study Guide/NR 601 - Final Exam Study Guide. Chapter 5 Glucose metabolism disorders Types of Diabetes Islet cell-specific antibodies may be identified in 70-80% of people with prediabetes & those newly dx with DM1 and hyperglycemia typically develops once 80-90% of beta cells have been destroyed. In Type I diabetes, an auto-immune attack on the beta cells of the pancreas prevents the production and secretion of insulin into the blood. Thus, Type I diabetes inhibits this first step in the insulin pathway. And since it decreases the production of insulin, it's referred to as an insulin deficiency. In DM2, drug-induced, and GDM, the pancreas continues to secrete insulin. However, it's the cells throughout the body that are unable to adequately respond to it (decrease in beta cell function), so these mechanisms inhibit the second step in the insulin pathway insulin resistance, which can be thought of as a relative insulin deficiency.