Gross Profit on Gross profit Profitability,
∗100
Cost of Sales Cost of Sales operating
efficiency
Gross Profit on Gross profit Profitability,
∗100
sales (turnover) Sales operating
efficiency
Operating Operating Expenses Operating
∗100
Expenses on Sales efficiency
Sales
Operating Operating Income Profitability,
∗100
Income on Sales Operating
Sales efficiency
Net profit after Net Profit after tax Profitability,
∗100
tax on Sales Operating
Turnover efficiency
Current Ratio Current assets : Current liabilities Liquidity 2 : 1 may allow businesses to pay
short term commitments
Acid Test Ratio (Current assets – inventories) : Current Liabilities Liquidity 1 : 1 may allow businesses to pay
short term commitments without
selling inventory
Rate of Stock Cost of sales Liquidity, The number of times per year
Turnover Average trading stock Operating stock is replaced
efficiency
Stock Holding Average trading stock Liquidity, The amount of time for which
∗365
Period Cost of Sales Operating stock is kept
efficiency
Debtors Average debtors Liquidity, Less than 30 days
∗365
Average Credit Sales Operating
Collection efficiency
Period
Creditors Average Creditors Liquidity, More than 60 days
∗365
Average Credit Purchases Operating
Payments efficiency
Period
Solvency Ratio Total assets : Total liabilities solvency
Debt-equity Non-current liabilities : Shareholder’s equity Risk, Gearing Shows the extent to which the
ratio business is financed by borrowed
capital. Shows the degree of risk.
The effects of taking out loans on
risk when positively geared.
Return on Net profit before tax∧interest Return, If ROTCE is > interest rate on
∗100
Capital Average capital employed Gearing loan, the business must take out
Employed loans for financing = positively
geared. If ROTCE is < interest rate
on loan, the business must issue
shares for financing = negatively
geared.
Return on Net profit after tax Return to Compare ROSHE to the return
Shareholder’s
∗100 shareholders from an alternative investment
Average shareholde r ' equity
equity like a fixed deposit at 8%.
Earnings per Net profit after tax Return to Shows the amount of profit
∗100 cents
share Number of issued shares shareholders retained by the business for
future growth
Dividends per Dividends paid∧declared Return to
∗100 cents
share Number of issued shares Shareholders
Net asset value Shareholde r ' s equity Share value
per share ∗100 cents
Number of issued shares
∗100
Cost of Sales Cost of Sales operating
efficiency
Gross Profit on Gross profit Profitability,
∗100
sales (turnover) Sales operating
efficiency
Operating Operating Expenses Operating
∗100
Expenses on Sales efficiency
Sales
Operating Operating Income Profitability,
∗100
Income on Sales Operating
Sales efficiency
Net profit after Net Profit after tax Profitability,
∗100
tax on Sales Operating
Turnover efficiency
Current Ratio Current assets : Current liabilities Liquidity 2 : 1 may allow businesses to pay
short term commitments
Acid Test Ratio (Current assets – inventories) : Current Liabilities Liquidity 1 : 1 may allow businesses to pay
short term commitments without
selling inventory
Rate of Stock Cost of sales Liquidity, The number of times per year
Turnover Average trading stock Operating stock is replaced
efficiency
Stock Holding Average trading stock Liquidity, The amount of time for which
∗365
Period Cost of Sales Operating stock is kept
efficiency
Debtors Average debtors Liquidity, Less than 30 days
∗365
Average Credit Sales Operating
Collection efficiency
Period
Creditors Average Creditors Liquidity, More than 60 days
∗365
Average Credit Purchases Operating
Payments efficiency
Period
Solvency Ratio Total assets : Total liabilities solvency
Debt-equity Non-current liabilities : Shareholder’s equity Risk, Gearing Shows the extent to which the
ratio business is financed by borrowed
capital. Shows the degree of risk.
The effects of taking out loans on
risk when positively geared.
Return on Net profit before tax∧interest Return, If ROTCE is > interest rate on
∗100
Capital Average capital employed Gearing loan, the business must take out
Employed loans for financing = positively
geared. If ROTCE is < interest rate
on loan, the business must issue
shares for financing = negatively
geared.
Return on Net profit after tax Return to Compare ROSHE to the return
Shareholder’s
∗100 shareholders from an alternative investment
Average shareholde r ' equity
equity like a fixed deposit at 8%.
Earnings per Net profit after tax Return to Shows the amount of profit
∗100 cents
share Number of issued shares shareholders retained by the business for
future growth
Dividends per Dividends paid∧declared Return to
∗100 cents
share Number of issued shares Shareholders
Net asset value Shareholde r ' s equity Share value
per share ∗100 cents
Number of issued shares
