Summary NUR 2063 EXAM 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NOTES

NUR 2063 EXAM 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NOTESNUR 2063 EXAM 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NOTES Pathophysiology Notes: Modules 1, 2, & 3 Module 1 Chapter 2: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors Homeostasis & Allostasis Homeostasis: Remaining stable while staying the same A state in which all systems are in balance A state of equilibrium An ideal “set point” despite alterations within the body Allostasis: Ability to successfully adapt to challenges Intricate regulatory processes orchestrated by the brain A dynamic process that maintains or re-establishes homeostasis in light of environmental and lifestyle changes Stress As A Concept Physical, chemical, or emotional factor resulting in tension of body or mind Actual physical and mental state that tension produces Real or perceived threat to homeostasis Direct consciously or indirect unconsciously sensed threat to the stability of the organism Physical, chemical, or emotional factor resulting in tension of body or mind Actual physical and mental state that tension produces Real or perceived threat to homeostasis Direct consciously or indirect unconsciously sensed threat to the stability of the organism General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) (Selye) Three stages: Alarm, resistance/adaption, and exhaustion Alarm stage: fight-or-flight response as the result of stressful stimulus ▪ Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis Resistance/adaptation: activity of the nervous and endocrine systems in returning the body to homeostasis ▪ Allostatic state: activity of various systems attempting to restore homeostasis Exhaustion: point where body can no longer return to homeostasis ▪ Allostatic overload: “cost” of body’s organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of “wear and tear” on the body