Samenvatting Vorm En Functie (AB_1162). ALLE colleges/boek, DT1

Vorm en functie
Alle anatomie plaatjes in boek uit hoofd leren !!!!1

Hoorcollege: anatomie van het spijsverteringssysteem
6 functions of the digestive system
1. Ingestion: occurs when materials enter digestive tract via the mouth
2. Mechanical processing: crushing and shearing + makes materials easier to propel
along digestive tract
3. Digestion: the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments for
absorption by digestive epithelium
4. Secretion: is the release of water, acids, enzymes buffers and salts + by epithelium of
digestive tract + by glandular organs
5. Absorption: movement of organic substrates, electrolytes, vitamins and water +
across digestive epithelium + into interstitial fluid of digestive tract
6. Excretion: removal of waste products from body fluids + process called defecation
removes feces

Cavum oris (mondholte)
Tong (lingua)
Palatum (gehemelte)
Fauces (keelgat)
Uvula (huig)
Pharynx (keel)
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx


Salivary glands
- Three pairs secrete into oral cavity
1. Parotid salivary glands
2. Submandibular salivary glands
3. Sublingual salivary glands

Speekselklieren en afvoergangen
- glandula parotidea
- glandula submandibularis
- glandula sublingualis

Anatomie van slikbeweging
• Willekeurig oproepen van slikbeweging
• Reflectoir afsluiting van de luchtwegen (optillen strottenhoofd, aanspannen en
optillen van huig, palatum molle, sluiting glottis)
• Reflectoir transport van voedsel via keel en slokdarm

,Major Functions of the Stomach
1. Storage of ingested food
2. Mechanical breakdown of ingested food
3. Disruption of chemical bonds in food material by acid and enzymes
4. Production of intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein required for absorption of
vitamin B12 in small intestine

The Small Intestine
1. Plays key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients
2. 90 percent of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine

Duodenum (12-vingerige darm)
- pars superior
- pars descendens
- pars horizontalis
- pars as cendens
- flexura duodenojejunalis

Pancreas (alvleesklier)
- caput (head)
- corpus (body)
- cauda (tail)
- ductus pancreaticus
- ductus choledochus (common bile duct)
• Functions of the Pancreas
– Endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets
• Secrete insulin and glucagon into bloodstream
– Exocrine cells
• Acinar cells and epithelial cells of duct system secrete pancreatic juice

The Physiology of the Liver
- Metabolic regulation
o The liver regulates:
1. Composition of circulating blood
 All blood leaving absorptive surfaces of digestive tract
 Enters hepatic portal system
 Flows into the liver
 Liver cells extract nutrients or toxins from blood
 Before they reach systemic circulation through hepatic veins
 Liver removes and stores excess nutrients
 Corrects nutrient deficiencies by mobilizing stored reserves or
performing synthetic activities
2. Nutrient metabolism
3. Waste product removal
4. Nutrient storage
5. Drug inactivation

, - Hematological regulation
o Largest blood reservoir in the body
o Receives 25 percent of cardiac output
o Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
o Synthesis of plasma proteins
o Removal of circulating hormones
o Removal of antibodies
o Removal or storage of toxins
o Synthesis and secretion of bile

- Bile production
o Dietary lipids are not water soluble
o Mechanical processing in stomach creates large drops containing lipids
o Pancreatic lipase is not lipid soluble
 Interacts only at surface of lipid droplet
o Bile salts break droplets apart (emulsification)
 Increases surface area exposed to enzymatic attack
 Creates tiny emulsion droplets coated with bile salts

Functions of the Large Intestine
- Reabsorption of water
- Compaction of intestinal contents into feces
- Absorption of important vitamins produced by bacteria
- Storage of fecal material prior to defecation

Continentie mechanismen
• Nauw segment (tgv m. sphincter ani internus)
• Knikafsluiting van m. levator ani (puborectalis)
• Insnoering door m. sphincter ani externus
• Zwellichaamsafsluiting door corpus cavernosum recti (hemorrhoidal plexus).
• N.B. te sterke vulling van corpus cavernosum recti leidt tot aambeien.

Retroperitoneaal: tegen het buikvlies aan, achter peritoneum, zonder mesenterum

Peritoneale verhoudingen
Intraperitoneaal:
- structuren zijn binnen het peritoneum gelegen en zijn via een mesenterium met de
buikwand verbonden

Retroperitoneaal
- Primair retroperitoneaal: structuren zijn nooit binnen het peritoneum gelegen.
(nieren, bijnieren, gonaden)

Secundair retroperitoneaal: structuren zijn eerst binnen het peritoneum gelegen en
vervolgens is het dorsaal mesenterium verkort, waardoor ze weer retroperitoneaal zijn
komen te liggen. (duodenum, pancreas, colon ascendens en descendens