Actual Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test HESI A2 Exam

Actual Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test HESI A2 Exam   1. A person with AB- blood should not receive blood from which other blood type? a) AB+ b) A- c) O- d) B- The correct answer is: AB+ Explanation: Those with an AB- blood type should not receive blood from those with AB+ blood. Although both AB+ and AB- blood have A and B antigens, the person with AB- blood lacks a special protein, or “Rhesus” Factor (Rh), circulating in their blood. If they are given blood that has the Rh factor present, their body will make antibodies to this foreign substance and complications will occur. This is especially true in pregnancy situations where the mother is Rh- and the baby she is carrying is Rh+. 2. Which blood type is considered the universal donor? a) O- b) AB- c) AB+ d) O+ The correct answer is: O- Explanation: O-Blood lacks both A and B antigens and the Rh factor, making it the only blood type that can donate to everyone. Note the correct use of the terms antibody and antigen: • O-Is the best donor because it does not have A, B or Rh antigens. • AB+ is the universal receiver because it does not have A, B or Rh antibodies. 3. What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood? a) renal artery b) interosseous artery c) vena cava d) pulmonary artery The correct answer is: Pulmonary artery Explanation: Most arteries in the body carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, but the pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. The vena cava would not be correct because it is not an artery, it is a vein and the question asks for an artery. 4. Chocolate cysts of the ovaries are attributed to ____. a) endometriosis b) menorrhagia c) pelvic inflammatory disease d) ectopic pregnancy The correct answer is: Endometriosis Explanation: Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue from the uterus (endometrium) grows in other parts of the body, such as the ovaries or bowel. If a woman has endometrial tissue in her ovary, the tissue bleeds and builds up over time, and as the blood ages it turns brown, hence the term “chocolate cyst.” 5. Which is not true of synovial joints? a) They are the most moveable joint type in the body. b) They have a fluid-filled capsule that surrounds their articulating surface. c) They are found in the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. d) They are the most common joint in the body. The correct answer is: They are found in the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Explanation: Instead of a synovial joint, the intervertebral discs of the spinal column form a fibrocartilaginous joint, which allows slight movement of the vertebrae of the spine.