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Apuntes microbiología 2 bachillerato en euskera

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Estos apuntes son de microbiología de 2 de bachillerato en euskera.

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Secondary school
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5

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Uploaded on
June 6, 2021
Number of pages
29
Written in
2020/2021
Type
Interview
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MIKROBIOLOGIA
● Mikroorganismoak aztertzen dauzan zientzia.
○ 0.1mm baino txikiagoak diran organismoak → mikroskopioz soilik ikusi




Mikroorganismoak → zertarako?
- Elikagaiak lortzeko (ogia, esnea…)
- Gaixotasunak sortu
- Prozesu biologikoetan parte hartu (karbonoaren/sufrearen zikloan,
metabolismoan…)
- Kutsadura kontrolatzeko
- …




1

,1. Birusak:
● Material genetikoa duten forma ez-zelularrak
● Zelula bizien barruan ugaltzeko gai dira
● Zelula barruko derrigorrezko parasitoak dira beraz, parasitatzen duten zelularen
metabolismoa erabiltzen dute
● Mikroskopio elektronikotik baino ezin dira ikusi 10nm
(poliomilitisa-300nm(baztangorria)

1.1. EGITURA:

- Material genetikoa:
- ADN → Kate bakarrekoa edo bikoa
- ARN → Lineala edo zatikatua

- Kapsida:
- Egitura proteikoa
- Unitatea: protomeroa
- Protomero → kapsomero →
kapsida

- Atxikidurazko elementuak


1.2. SAILKAPENA:
● Azido nukleiko motaren arabera:




2

, ● Morfologiaren arabera:

1. Kapsida helikoidala:
- ADN helikoidala
- Kapsomeroak helikoidalki kokatuta
- Adb: tabakoaren mosaikoaren birusa, rabiarena, ebola, ...
2. Bildukina-gaineztadura dutenak:
- Bildukina kapsida inguratzen (animalia zelulak infektatu)
- Geruza bikoitz lipidikoa (ostalariaren menpe)
- Glukoproteinak
- Espikulak
- Adb: gripearen birusa
3. Kapsida ikosaedrikoa:
- 20 alde triangular
- Itxura globotsua
- Adb: adenobirusa, polioaren birusa
4. Birus konplexuak:
- Egitura konplexua
- Bakteriofagoak:
- Buru ikosaedrikoa
- Buztan helikoidala
- Adb T4 bakteriofagoa

1.3. UGALTZEKO ZIKLOAK:


3
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