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TEMA 6. TEORIA ORBITALES MOLECULARES

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TEMA 6. TEORIA ORBITALES MOLECULARES

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Uploaded on
May 30, 2021
Number of pages
1
Written in
2020/2021
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Class notes
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Josep m. poblet
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TEMA 6. TEORIA ORBITALES MOLECULARES
Teoría de orbitales moleculares
La teoría de orbitales moleculares asigna los electrones de una molécula a una serie de
orbitales que pertenecen a toda la molécula.
Cuando la Z ≤ 7, los π se
encuentran por debajo de
los σ.




Si los átomos son iguales, por ejemplo O2, las energías son las mismas y las líneas estarán
en la misma altura. Cuando son diferentes, el de mayor electronegatividad se encuentra
en una altura más baja.

Orden de enlace
𝑒 − 𝑒𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 − 𝑒 − 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑂𝐸 =
2
Cuanto mayor sea el OE, mayor estabilidad y menor distancia de enlace. El solapamiento
lateral acaba produciendo un π. Mismo color enlazante y distinto color antienlazante.
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