TANZANIA
Colonizer: Germany
Colony Name: German East Africa
Year of colonisation: 1891
1890: Britain names Zanzibar a British Protectorate
WW1: Britain takes control of German East Africa and renames it to Tanganyika
1954: Julius Nyerere leads the newly formed nationalist party, Tanganyika African National Union
(TANU)
1961: -*Tanganyika gains Independence from britain
- Queen Elizabeth II still the reigning monarch in *Tanganyika
- Julius Nyerere becomes Prime Minister
1962: -Julius Nyerere becomes first president of *Tanganyika
- Preventative Detention Act: states that anyone who disrupts the peace is to be
imprisoned
1963: - Zanzibar wins Independence
- Non-Africans allowed to join TANU
- Nyerere suggests that *Tanganyika become a one party state under TANU
- Nyerere is one of the leaders who forms the Organisation of African Unity - now known
as the African Union -
Mutiny: The Black soldiers mutinied in 1963 because they were angry that white soldiers still held
senior positions in the military after Tanganyika gained independence; They also wanted an
increase in their salaries. Retaliation: With the help of the british army, the Tanganyikan
government managed to stop the mutiny
1964: - The sultan of Zanzibar is overthrown and a communist government takes over.
- Zanzibar becomes a one party state under the Afro-Shirazi Party
- Tanzania and Zanzibar form the Republic of Tanzania
1
, Relationship between TANU and ASP after the merger: TANU continued to rule over the
mainland and ASP over Zanzibar. Both their ideals were similar so there wasn’t much conflict
between the two.
The Cold War: - Tanzania was not strategically important during the cold war so they were never
caught up in it.
- Tanzania joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) which was a group of countries that
didn’t belong to the Eastern or Western Blocs
TANU's Aim: To forge an African way of life based on the principles of socialism and bring about
unity among the various ethinic groups of Tanzania
Languages: - Swahili made into an official language as most people knew it as either their first or
second language
- English was still used as the language of teaching in secondary and tertiary schools
and also in commerce
Apartheid: Nyerere was a critic of the UK’s support of Apartheid South Africa which strained the
relationship between the true countries
1965: Bank of Tanzania Act
1966: Bank of Tanzania opened -it became the country’s central bank
- The Tanzanian shilling introduced to replace the currency used during the colonial period
and the early days of independence
1967: Arusha Declaration - Declared that the country would become socialist so that no people
were exploited by others.
- It also stated that Tanzania would cooperate with other political parties in africa that
aimed at liberating Africa
- The country would become economically self-reliant and build their economy through
agriculture instead of large industries which would require taking a foreign loan
- Banks and most large organisations were nationalised and owners were paid reasonable
compensation HOWEVER small companies were left under private ownership
☆ Nyerere was concerned about the poverty amongst farms while the elite became richer.
He wanted to create an egalitarian society where everyone participated productively in
national life and gained equal benefits from the state.
Nyerere’s Vision
- Pan-Africanist
- He wanted a nation that was not divided by race, tribe or class but rather united under
one national identity
- He wanted to raise the standard of living for all tanzanians
- Wanted people to identify themselves as Tanzanians which became difficult since there
were 130 tribes
2
Colonizer: Germany
Colony Name: German East Africa
Year of colonisation: 1891
1890: Britain names Zanzibar a British Protectorate
WW1: Britain takes control of German East Africa and renames it to Tanganyika
1954: Julius Nyerere leads the newly formed nationalist party, Tanganyika African National Union
(TANU)
1961: -*Tanganyika gains Independence from britain
- Queen Elizabeth II still the reigning monarch in *Tanganyika
- Julius Nyerere becomes Prime Minister
1962: -Julius Nyerere becomes first president of *Tanganyika
- Preventative Detention Act: states that anyone who disrupts the peace is to be
imprisoned
1963: - Zanzibar wins Independence
- Non-Africans allowed to join TANU
- Nyerere suggests that *Tanganyika become a one party state under TANU
- Nyerere is one of the leaders who forms the Organisation of African Unity - now known
as the African Union -
Mutiny: The Black soldiers mutinied in 1963 because they were angry that white soldiers still held
senior positions in the military after Tanganyika gained independence; They also wanted an
increase in their salaries. Retaliation: With the help of the british army, the Tanganyikan
government managed to stop the mutiny
1964: - The sultan of Zanzibar is overthrown and a communist government takes over.
- Zanzibar becomes a one party state under the Afro-Shirazi Party
- Tanzania and Zanzibar form the Republic of Tanzania
1
, Relationship between TANU and ASP after the merger: TANU continued to rule over the
mainland and ASP over Zanzibar. Both their ideals were similar so there wasn’t much conflict
between the two.
The Cold War: - Tanzania was not strategically important during the cold war so they were never
caught up in it.
- Tanzania joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) which was a group of countries that
didn’t belong to the Eastern or Western Blocs
TANU's Aim: To forge an African way of life based on the principles of socialism and bring about
unity among the various ethinic groups of Tanzania
Languages: - Swahili made into an official language as most people knew it as either their first or
second language
- English was still used as the language of teaching in secondary and tertiary schools
and also in commerce
Apartheid: Nyerere was a critic of the UK’s support of Apartheid South Africa which strained the
relationship between the true countries
1965: Bank of Tanzania Act
1966: Bank of Tanzania opened -it became the country’s central bank
- The Tanzanian shilling introduced to replace the currency used during the colonial period
and the early days of independence
1967: Arusha Declaration - Declared that the country would become socialist so that no people
were exploited by others.
- It also stated that Tanzania would cooperate with other political parties in africa that
aimed at liberating Africa
- The country would become economically self-reliant and build their economy through
agriculture instead of large industries which would require taking a foreign loan
- Banks and most large organisations were nationalised and owners were paid reasonable
compensation HOWEVER small companies were left under private ownership
☆ Nyerere was concerned about the poverty amongst farms while the elite became richer.
He wanted to create an egalitarian society where everyone participated productively in
national life and gained equal benefits from the state.
Nyerere’s Vision
- Pan-Africanist
- He wanted a nation that was not divided by race, tribe or class but rather united under
one national identity
- He wanted to raise the standard of living for all tanzanians
- Wanted people to identify themselves as Tanzanians which became difficult since there
were 130 tribes
2
