Summary SRS1110 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE download it for grade A

Lecture 1 – Jan 11 Reno Inc Culture: is no biological. Not born with it. Culture is learned.  Culture is usually taught through religion. How we interact, and believe the world is put together. Culture is usually non-verbal.  Not necessarily only humans  Can be nationality as well  Stereotypes are developed from culture  Languages embedded in culture Elder: someone who has gained experience and has great wisdom Ritual: Repeated organized acts, usually with an anticipated outcome.  Either medical profession or religion o Can be action or words o Routinezation: making something routine Myth: From the word mythology. A second sacred origin story. Not something that is untrue. Something that is true to people of a culture or religion. Logos: Words with no layers of meanings Mythos: words with many levels of meaning Legend: not entirely sacred. Not the care of religious texts. Possible some truth behind it. Explanation for something that is. Answer for very local phenomenon’s Fairytale: Understood not to be true, however they teach a lesson  Teaching and entertaining find more resources at find more resources at Lecture 2 – Jan 18 Reno Inc Religion: A structure system of belief Occult  Hidden  For something to be occulted, hidden except for those that need to know Magic (K)  Paranormal, spiritual realm of unexplained  Sleight of hand (Stage magic)  Magik – use of paranormal or energies to some degree  Advanced technique indistinguishable from magic – Arthur C. Clark Metaphor  Classification of speech  Similes: something that is LIKE another thing o Similar Qualities  Metaphor can be ambiguous, sound like a literal statement  Most religious texts is in metaphoric language  Magic is spoken in metaphoric language Dragons blood, actually resin from a plant Witch: 5 different unrelated phenomena of witch or witchcraft, some applied or self-applied  The Anthropological Witch o Colonial Europe (South America, Africa)  Indigenous people had religions different than the colonists o Witch Doctor (leader, cultural elder)  Now called Shaman  Word form tungus, people of Siberia  One who master spirits  Historical Witch o Hunting/burning of witched started from 15th century to 17th o The women or men accused of practicing curses, work of the devil find more resources at find more resources at  Religious Witch o People who call their religion witchcraft  Pagan witch, wiccans  Feminist Witch o Reclaiming the word witch o Political statement to repower the word o Or worship women….  Satanic Witch o People self-identifying as Satanists o (5.5) Goth, got accused of being a witch, sometimes selfidentified (religious) Magi(c)  Wisdom  Magi: the 3 magi, an elder, great wisdom knowledge, also called the 3 kings  Metaphors have entailments (sub texts) o Lose understanding of entailments, lose understanding of the metaphor Witch  Young or old, female  Young so they can fool/seduce people  Old can use spells to appear young  Evil  Power comes from Satan, Devil  Not self-proclaimed Magician (Wizard)  Male  Old  Good  Glory and joy of knowledge, for wisdom sake  Not applied, self-proclaimed Sorceror(ess)  Male or female find more resources at find more resources at  Not good and not evil (neutral)  Have recipe to do something  “sorc” fate  Interpret, change, control fate in some way  Use charms. Interpret lines on hand  Knowledge passed on  Pseudoscience, omens Cosmology  Study of where people get their world views  Study of everything in universe, comes from sacred mythology  God  Prophet  Human  Animal  Plants Axiology  Value System find more resources at find more resources at Lecture 3 – Jan 25 Reno Inc Immanent (In) + Transcendent (Away)  Where do the people place divine head  Immanent – in the world, here and now o Not fully/mutually exclusive o Most believe located in one place but may not appear  Transcendent: God is out above us, Gods can be so transcendent that we don’t interact with them o Interact with God’s messengers  Natives have immanent theology Theist  Someone who believes there is a divine being out there Atheist  Someone who doesn’t believe in a divine being Abrahamic  Relevant to all 3 major religions  “People of the book” Monotheist  Most likely Jew, Christian, Muslim  Belief in divinity – theist  A single God – mono Polytheist + Pantheist  More than one devine figure  Poly – more than on Gods + Godesses, in human or human like forms o Could worship different Gods, will accept other divinites o Happens when a lot of trade + war between different nations, pick up Gods of another peoples o Accept many divinities, have flexibility to add other Gods Pant – a collection, set, fixed unit  Knows there are other Gods + Goddesses won’t add other (new) Gods find more resources at find more resources at  Only worship their own divine figures Hunter + Gatherer  Lived within geographic areas. Clans knew the lines of others hunting and gathering areas  Nomadic or semi-nomadic  No written language, would have symbolic language  Religious systems were Shamanic o No single divinity o No actual Gods + Goddesses o Each individual thing has an individual spirit o Have specialist in community that will talk to spirits o All spirits are equal  Animist o Believe everything is animate  Made up of small groups and extended families  Traditional days where groups (clans) will come together o Early trade Agrarian/ Agriculturalist  Get more out of planting than gathering  Support larger communities  Better fed, better nutrition o Can have larger families  Not as many risks  To avoid drought, famine came up with rituals to change fate so crops don’t fail o Get festive/holy days  Had time as a cycle, non-linear Urban  Mesopotamia, Rome, Greece  Cities, the era of the empire  Large agricultural  very specialized  Have written language  Cities would have Gods and Goddesses find more resources at find more resources at  Romans: polytheists, gathered Gods from places they conquered (Isces from Egypt) Movie: The Burning Times  Pools gave visions of prophecy  Romans adopted rituals  Renaissance – witchcraft craze  Witch related to women’s power  Witchcraft used to dismiss religions of other parts of the world o Brazilian Aleino, kept traditions of African ancestors o Were called heathens o Still called witch doctors or heathens  Witch – wick: band or shape  Church of Rome : Inquisition o Heresy: challenging the church  85% of those killed for witchcraft women  9 million over 300 years  Lived on the land, Pagans did rituals for crops to grow  Celtic Goddesses in remote village in France o Dispensed healing o Became a saint  Mary was Goddess o Bears name of Pagan ancestors o Queen of Heaven, Mother of God  Jean of Arc o Head voices under tree o Believed she was above the church  End of the World o Black plague  Made money off the witch hunt  Women signed contracts with the devil carried out sexual act o Said it wasn’t enjoyable  Interrogators supplied handbook of what to ask o Explanation all over Europe were similar because of this book o Malleus Maleficarum find more resources at find more resources at Lecture 4 – Feb 1 Reno Inc Heresy  Actions ad or thoughts that run contrary to the teachings of a religion, witch burning based on this Treason  Doing acts that are against the state  Ex. Jews (monotheists) would not make offers to Caser’s Genius Reformation: Reforming Christianity Witch craze  Started die to religions splitting  Both sides blaming each other as being a witch Why did it end?  Scientific Revolution, factual proof required Warlock – waer loga = oath Breaker  This why witches call them witches even if they are male, to not be an oath breaker Liminal(ity)  Being on the edge or boundary of two places/choices o Ex. Engaged is liminal to single and married  Important because people who were liminal usually feared  Can cause fear, witches accused were liminal Symbol vs. Sign  Symbol: culturally base, have more than one meaning o Red=love from Greeks and war (passion, lust) o Not always clear (muthos) o All spells done in symbolic language  Sign: culturally based, have only one meaning (logos) o Very clear Syncret(ic)(ism) find more resources at find more resources at  Something unique that is made up of two or more distinct things  Ex. Christianity is Jewish with Greek, roman and Zoroastrianism combined  All religions are a little syncretic Zoroastrianism  Small religion from Persian area  Polytheist religion  “Best situation when good and evil in balance, too much good will get evil” Alchemy  People studied things God made to try and understand it, they thought that If they could understand that thing, they could understand everything God had made.  Scientific Methods  Taking something that is basic (lead) to change into higher element (gold) Kaballah  12th century Jewish mystiasm is where it starts  “Red distracts the evil eye” cord, rope etc…  Classically must be male over 40, married to practice this o “It was powerful”  Trying to find out how God made things happen Gemmatria/Numerology  Study of the secret meaning of numbers or words  Orginiated from kaballah  Ex. Dividing numbers/letters to see if another word is spelt out Correspondences  Why symbols mean that they do  Doesn’t change much  Ex. Purple stone made wine keep people sober, yet they could have a good time