PEOPLE MCD
2021
Gilles De Keyser
, Alexander Doty Queer reading – practice that was dominant in the 30’s-50’s during the censored
period. Refers to textual analysis of a movie that conforms to heteronormativity(with
no overt LGBTQ representation) inorder to uncover hidden representations of the
LGBTQ community, and how the audience would uncover/interpret this
representation = shows that films challenged
heteronormativity in covert ways
Alfred Kinsey Unonventintional studies on sexuality in the 1950’s (change of tone in academic
debate regarding sexuality) 3 concepts;
• Sexuality as a continuum – sexual ID is fluid, not fixed.
• Acknowledgment of female pleasure.
• Launching if the homosexual ID – not presented as a problematic
/abnormal ID (scientific backing for LGBTQ).
Anthony Giddens British sociologist (wrote structural theory) – influenced by social constructionist
view.
• Self-identity – subject constitutes identity by creating & sustaining a stable
narrative about self, with biographical continuity. Its an ongoingprocess bcs
it changes with time. Process of socialization and acculturalization – social
process of identity (learn how to act, think, behave etc =>e.g. class).
• Social identity – opinions & expections of others about us => cultivated
and passed along by culture.
Structuration theory & agency – 2nd way of thinking about agency; focus on how
agents produce and reproduce social structure through their own actions(social
order is constructed in and through the everyday activities and accounts of skillful
and knowledgeable actors). Uneven distribution of certain resources => structures
who an individual actor is. Some people have more abilites & thus
claim more agency than others. BUT note structures are considerd DUAL.
Antonio Gramsci Hegemony – state where ideology is percived as normal state of being by both ruling
class and ruled class. Ideology needs fixed and well defined identities tofunction.
Gramsci defines it as an ideology that becomes the norm, and implies it can be
challenged and overthrown.
Barbara creed (fantansy/sci) – femininity represented as monsters that should be repressed &
controlled to preserve patriarchy & masculine supremacy.
Bell hooks Just like Gilroy,Prefers using ‘race’ ( not ethnicity) as a 1st step to disarming
structural racism – ethnicity focusses on cultural characterisitics ascribed to groups,
therefore undermining the seriousness & unfairness of structural racism.
Benedict Anderson (Book; Imagined communities) – he states that initially, nations had all sorts if
dialects. However, the start of mechanized production of books brought with it
standardization & dissemination of language (& eventually, the disappearance of
dialects), thus an increased need to belong while also differentiating yourselffrom
others => led to formation of imagined communities. (I.C know borders, limited to a
specific geographical location)
Critique – this theory ignores diversity & experiences within nations ( migration
and globalization challenge the idea of uniformity in a society).
Betty Friedan Liberal feminist. Book “The Feminine Mystique” (1963) – considered starting point
2nd wave feminism. women have larger aspirations, but industrial societieshas
imposed role of surbabian housewife. However she does not question the
system (only the rep).
Chris Barker • Subjectivity – condition of being a person (subjects;biologically and
culturally) + process of becoming a person (how we experience
People MCD 2021 Gilles 2
2021
Gilles De Keyser
, Alexander Doty Queer reading – practice that was dominant in the 30’s-50’s during the censored
period. Refers to textual analysis of a movie that conforms to heteronormativity(with
no overt LGBTQ representation) inorder to uncover hidden representations of the
LGBTQ community, and how the audience would uncover/interpret this
representation = shows that films challenged
heteronormativity in covert ways
Alfred Kinsey Unonventintional studies on sexuality in the 1950’s (change of tone in academic
debate regarding sexuality) 3 concepts;
• Sexuality as a continuum – sexual ID is fluid, not fixed.
• Acknowledgment of female pleasure.
• Launching if the homosexual ID – not presented as a problematic
/abnormal ID (scientific backing for LGBTQ).
Anthony Giddens British sociologist (wrote structural theory) – influenced by social constructionist
view.
• Self-identity – subject constitutes identity by creating & sustaining a stable
narrative about self, with biographical continuity. Its an ongoingprocess bcs
it changes with time. Process of socialization and acculturalization – social
process of identity (learn how to act, think, behave etc =>e.g. class).
• Social identity – opinions & expections of others about us => cultivated
and passed along by culture.
Structuration theory & agency – 2nd way of thinking about agency; focus on how
agents produce and reproduce social structure through their own actions(social
order is constructed in and through the everyday activities and accounts of skillful
and knowledgeable actors). Uneven distribution of certain resources => structures
who an individual actor is. Some people have more abilites & thus
claim more agency than others. BUT note structures are considerd DUAL.
Antonio Gramsci Hegemony – state where ideology is percived as normal state of being by both ruling
class and ruled class. Ideology needs fixed and well defined identities tofunction.
Gramsci defines it as an ideology that becomes the norm, and implies it can be
challenged and overthrown.
Barbara creed (fantansy/sci) – femininity represented as monsters that should be repressed &
controlled to preserve patriarchy & masculine supremacy.
Bell hooks Just like Gilroy,Prefers using ‘race’ ( not ethnicity) as a 1st step to disarming
structural racism – ethnicity focusses on cultural characterisitics ascribed to groups,
therefore undermining the seriousness & unfairness of structural racism.
Benedict Anderson (Book; Imagined communities) – he states that initially, nations had all sorts if
dialects. However, the start of mechanized production of books brought with it
standardization & dissemination of language (& eventually, the disappearance of
dialects), thus an increased need to belong while also differentiating yourselffrom
others => led to formation of imagined communities. (I.C know borders, limited to a
specific geographical location)
Critique – this theory ignores diversity & experiences within nations ( migration
and globalization challenge the idea of uniformity in a society).
Betty Friedan Liberal feminist. Book “The Feminine Mystique” (1963) – considered starting point
2nd wave feminism. women have larger aspirations, but industrial societieshas
imposed role of surbabian housewife. However she does not question the
system (only the rep).
Chris Barker • Subjectivity – condition of being a person (subjects;biologically and
culturally) + process of becoming a person (how we experience
People MCD 2021 Gilles 2
