Land Law
Introduction to enforcement of rights in land
• An important aspect of proprietary rights
• that exist in land is that they are capable of being enforced against successors
• in title to the party who regionally created them.
• A purchaser of an estate in land will wish to know
• whether any 3rd party rights exist
• & if they do
• whether they will be enforceable against them.
• the holder of a right over the estate will wish to know whether or not that right will survive the sale
of the estate
• and therefore to become enforceable against the new owner.
• In deciding whether a right in land is enforceable against a purchaser of the estate
• 1st step is to establish that the rights in question is indeed held as an interest in the land rather
than as a merely personal right against the grantor.
• Once it has been established that the interest was created properly
• it must be determined if the interest is in fact enforceable against the purchaser.
• The rules on enforceability differ depending upon whether the land to be sold has already been
registered
• if it has then the issue of enforceability is governed by the Land Registration Act 2002 (LRA
2002)
• if the land has not been registered the issue of enforceability depends upon
• a combination of the pre-1925 rules & Land Charges Act 1972 (LCA 1972)
• REGISTERED LAND
• Many interests are protected by entry on the register of the servient
• burdened estate
• by entering a notice on the charges register.
• ‘overriding interests’
• bind the purchaser even though they do not appear on the register.
• These are listed in the LRA 2002 Schedule 3
• S2A(1)’An interest which, immediately before the coming into force of this Schedule, was an
overriding interest under S70(1)(g) of the LRA 1925 by virtue of a person’s receipt of rents
and profits except for an interest of a person whom inquiry was made before the disposition
and who failed to disclose the right when he could reasonably expected to do so.’
• they include legal leases not exceeding 7 years.
• implied legal easements and interests held by persons in actual occupation.
• INTERESTS OF PERSONS IN ACTUAL OCCUPATION UNDER SCH 3 PARA 2
• S70(1)(g) LRA 1925
• ‘the rights of every person in actual occupation of the land in receipt of the rents and profits
save where enquiry is made of such a person and the rights are NOT disclosed’
• 1 difference - LRA 1925 contained an alternative to actual occupation as being in receipt of
rent or profits
• 2nd difference did not require that the occupation be obvious on reasonable inspection or
within the actual knowledge of the purchaser.
• Cases:
• Williams & Glyn Bank Ltd
• City of London Building Society v Flegg
• Strand Securities v Caswell
• Abbey National Building Society
• Chokar v Chokar
• Link lending ltd v Bustard
• Stockholm Finance v Garden Holdings Inc & Others
• Lloyds Bank plc v Rosset
• Therefore from the guidance of the above a cases
• the relevant date for determining occupation is the date of completion rather than registration
and the intensity of occupation must be considered against the nature and state of the
premises occupied.
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Introduction to enforcement of rights in land
• An important aspect of proprietary rights
• that exist in land is that they are capable of being enforced against successors
• in title to the party who regionally created them.
• A purchaser of an estate in land will wish to know
• whether any 3rd party rights exist
• & if they do
• whether they will be enforceable against them.
• the holder of a right over the estate will wish to know whether or not that right will survive the sale
of the estate
• and therefore to become enforceable against the new owner.
• In deciding whether a right in land is enforceable against a purchaser of the estate
• 1st step is to establish that the rights in question is indeed held as an interest in the land rather
than as a merely personal right against the grantor.
• Once it has been established that the interest was created properly
• it must be determined if the interest is in fact enforceable against the purchaser.
• The rules on enforceability differ depending upon whether the land to be sold has already been
registered
• if it has then the issue of enforceability is governed by the Land Registration Act 2002 (LRA
2002)
• if the land has not been registered the issue of enforceability depends upon
• a combination of the pre-1925 rules & Land Charges Act 1972 (LCA 1972)
• REGISTERED LAND
• Many interests are protected by entry on the register of the servient
• burdened estate
• by entering a notice on the charges register.
• ‘overriding interests’
• bind the purchaser even though they do not appear on the register.
• These are listed in the LRA 2002 Schedule 3
• S2A(1)’An interest which, immediately before the coming into force of this Schedule, was an
overriding interest under S70(1)(g) of the LRA 1925 by virtue of a person’s receipt of rents
and profits except for an interest of a person whom inquiry was made before the disposition
and who failed to disclose the right when he could reasonably expected to do so.’
• they include legal leases not exceeding 7 years.
• implied legal easements and interests held by persons in actual occupation.
• INTERESTS OF PERSONS IN ACTUAL OCCUPATION UNDER SCH 3 PARA 2
• S70(1)(g) LRA 1925
• ‘the rights of every person in actual occupation of the land in receipt of the rents and profits
save where enquiry is made of such a person and the rights are NOT disclosed’
• 1 difference - LRA 1925 contained an alternative to actual occupation as being in receipt of
rent or profits
• 2nd difference did not require that the occupation be obvious on reasonable inspection or
within the actual knowledge of the purchaser.
• Cases:
• Williams & Glyn Bank Ltd
• City of London Building Society v Flegg
• Strand Securities v Caswell
• Abbey National Building Society
• Chokar v Chokar
• Link lending ltd v Bustard
• Stockholm Finance v Garden Holdings Inc & Others
• Lloyds Bank plc v Rosset
• Therefore from the guidance of the above a cases
• the relevant date for determining occupation is the date of completion rather than registration
and the intensity of occupation must be considered against the nature and state of the
premises occupied.
Page 1 of 2
