NR 507 FINAL CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
SCRIPT 2026 FULL SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
◉ Water Soluble Hormones. Answer: Need 2nd Messenger to
transport across phospholipid membranes
◉ Pituitary Hormones. Answer: TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin,
ADH, Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
◉ Anterior Pituitary. Answer: Acct for 75% of total weight of
pituitary gland. Three regions, pars distalis, parts tuberalis, and pars
intermedia. Pars distalis is major component of Anterior Pituitary
and source of Anterior Pituitary Hormones.
◉ Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis). Answer: Arises from 3rd
ventricle of brain, consists of three parts, median eminence,
pituitary stalk, and infundibular process (pars nervosa or neural
tube). Median eminence is composed mainly of nerve endings of
axons that arise primarily from ventral hypothalamus.
◉ Hypothalamic releasing Hormones in Posterior pituitary's median
eminence.. Answer: Includes 10 hypothalamic releasing hormones
and neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine,
serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
,◉ Pituitary stalk. Answer: contains axons of neurons that originate
in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
◉ Hormones of posterior pituitary. Answer: ADH, and Oxytocin
(Peptide Hormones)
◉ ADH (antidiuretic Hormone). Answer: Major homeostatic function
of posterior pituitary is control of plasma osmolality, as regulated by
ADH
◉ Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues (Hypophysiotropic
hormones). Answer: HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
(TRH), Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Somatostatin,
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), corticotropin-
releasing hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing factor.
TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
◉ Somatostatin. Answer: Inhibits release of growth hormone and
TSH
◉ Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone. Answer: Stimulates release of
FSH and LH
,◉ Dopamine. Answer: Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin
◉ Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF). Answer: Stimulate secretion of
prolactin
◉ Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their function. Answer:
ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH, Somatotropic
hormones, GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein hormones
◉ Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Answer: SECRETORY CELL
TYPE: Corticotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and androgenic
hormones
◉ Prolactin,. Answer: Milk production
◉ TSH. Answer: Increased production and secretion of thyroid
hormone
◉ Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Answer: Ovulation, progesterone
production (in glanulosa cells)
, ◉ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Answer: Follicle maturation,
estrogen production (In Women: Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli
Cells)
◉ B-Lipotropin. Answer: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids
(Corticotropic, from Adipose Cells)
◉ B-Endorphins. Answer: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food
and water intake (Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid
receptors)
◉ ADH functions. Answer: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality.
Acts of Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to
increase permeability which leads to increased water reabsorption
into the blood and production of more concentrated urine, these
may be inhibited by hypercalcemia, prostaglandin E, and
hypokalemia.
◉ Osmoreceptors. Answer:
◉ High levels of ADH. Answer: Acts on Vasopressin 1 receptors
causing vasoconstriction
◉ ADH secretion is controlled by:. Answer: osmoreceptors of the
hypothalamus. Stimulated by increased plasma osmolality, then ADH
SCRIPT 2026 FULL SOLUTION STUDY GUIDE
◉ Water Soluble Hormones. Answer: Need 2nd Messenger to
transport across phospholipid membranes
◉ Pituitary Hormones. Answer: TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin,
ADH, Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
◉ Anterior Pituitary. Answer: Acct for 75% of total weight of
pituitary gland. Three regions, pars distalis, parts tuberalis, and pars
intermedia. Pars distalis is major component of Anterior Pituitary
and source of Anterior Pituitary Hormones.
◉ Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis). Answer: Arises from 3rd
ventricle of brain, consists of three parts, median eminence,
pituitary stalk, and infundibular process (pars nervosa or neural
tube). Median eminence is composed mainly of nerve endings of
axons that arise primarily from ventral hypothalamus.
◉ Hypothalamic releasing Hormones in Posterior pituitary's median
eminence.. Answer: Includes 10 hypothalamic releasing hormones
and neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine,
serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
,◉ Pituitary stalk. Answer: contains axons of neurons that originate
in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
◉ Hormones of posterior pituitary. Answer: ADH, and Oxytocin
(Peptide Hormones)
◉ ADH (antidiuretic Hormone). Answer: Major homeostatic function
of posterior pituitary is control of plasma osmolality, as regulated by
ADH
◉ Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues (Hypophysiotropic
hormones). Answer: HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
(TRH), Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Somatostatin,
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), corticotropin-
releasing hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing factor.
TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
◉ Somatostatin. Answer: Inhibits release of growth hormone and
TSH
◉ Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone. Answer: Stimulates release of
FSH and LH
,◉ Dopamine. Answer: Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin
◉ Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF). Answer: Stimulate secretion of
prolactin
◉ Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their function. Answer:
ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH, Somatotropic
hormones, GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein hormones
◉ Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Answer: SECRETORY CELL
TYPE: Corticotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and androgenic
hormones
◉ Prolactin,. Answer: Milk production
◉ TSH. Answer: Increased production and secretion of thyroid
hormone
◉ Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Answer: Ovulation, progesterone
production (in glanulosa cells)
, ◉ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Answer: Follicle maturation,
estrogen production (In Women: Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli
Cells)
◉ B-Lipotropin. Answer: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids
(Corticotropic, from Adipose Cells)
◉ B-Endorphins. Answer: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food
and water intake (Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid
receptors)
◉ ADH functions. Answer: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality.
Acts of Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to
increase permeability which leads to increased water reabsorption
into the blood and production of more concentrated urine, these
may be inhibited by hypercalcemia, prostaglandin E, and
hypokalemia.
◉ Osmoreceptors. Answer:
◉ High levels of ADH. Answer: Acts on Vasopressin 1 receptors
causing vasoconstriction
◉ ADH secretion is controlled by:. Answer: osmoreceptors of the
hypothalamus. Stimulated by increased plasma osmolality, then ADH
