FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
NUTRITION EXAM 2
primary-regulator-of-fluids-and-electrolytes---ans-✔✔kidneys
ADH---ans-✔✔retain-water,-serum-dilutes,-fluid-volume-increases
aldosterone---ans-✔✔retain-Na,-leads-to-increased-fluid-volume
cortisol---ans-✔✔retain-Na,-leads-to-increased-fluid-volume
how-is-balance-of-water-controlled---ans-✔✔by-kidneys,-ADH,-and-sensation-of-thirst
how-much-water-do-adults-lose-daily-approx---ans-✔✔1750-3000-ml
insensible-water-losses-include...---ans-✔✔metabolism,-sweat,-respirations,-evaporation
total-body-water-in-infants---ans-✔✔70-80%
total-body-water-in-adults---ans-✔✔60%
total-body-water-in-older-adults---ans-✔✔50%
purpose-of-water---ans-✔✔regulate-temperature,-metabolic-reactions,-digestion,-
absorption,-solvent-for-micronutrients
fluid-recommendation-for-men-aged-19-to-over-70---ans-✔✔3.7-L/day
fluid-recommendation-for-women-aged-19-to-over-70---ans-✔✔2.7-L/day
when-is-fluid-intake-assumed-adequate---ans-✔✔when-urine-is-pale-yellow
extracellular-fluid
-percentage-
-major-electrolytes---ans-✔✔30%-in-adults,-50%-in-kids-
Less-stable-
Fluid-between-cells-
Includes-intravascular-
, Major-electrolytes-(Na-and-Cl)
Na-plays-a-huge-part-in-regulating-body-fluid-volume
intracellular-fluid-
-percentage-
-major-electrolytes---ans-✔✔Fluid-inside-the-cell-
Major-electrolytes:-K,-Ph,-Mg
ways-to-assess-fluid-status---ans-✔✔Urine-output-
-Pediatrics-=-1-ml/kg/hr,-diapers-at-least-every-8-12-hours
-Adults-=-at-least-30-ml/hr-(1-2L-per-day;-0.5-2-ml/kg/hr)
Urine-specific-gravity-
1.003-1.035
Skin-turgor,-sunken-eyes-
Mucus-membranes,-decreased-tears-
Thirst,-thick-saliva,-dry-mouth-
Body-weight-
Cap-refill---checks-perfusion-
Vital-signs---decreased-BP,-increased-HR,-increased-temp,-orthostatic-hypotension
causes-of-fluid-loss---ans-✔✔vomiting,-diarrhea,-fever,-hemorrhage,-thermal-injuries,-
fistulas,-wounds,-uncontrolled-diabetes-or-renal-disorders,-third-spacing
third-spacing---ans-✔✔Shift-of-fluid-from-vascular-space-to-a-part-of-the-body-that-is-not-
easily-exchanged-with-the-rest-of-the-ECF-
Shifts-back-in-48-72-hours-usually
common-locations-where-third-spacing-happens---ans-✔✔Tissue-spaces-(edema)-
Abdomen-(ascites)-
Pleural-spaces-(pleural-effusion)
causes-of-third-spacing---ans-✔✔Injury-or-inflammation-
Malnutrition-or-liver-dysfunction-
Heart-failure,-renal-failure
s/s-of-dehydration---ans-✔✔Impaired-mental-function,-impaired-motor-control,-increased-
body-temp-during-exercise,-increased-resting-HR-when-standing-or-lying-down,-increased-
risk-of-life-threatening-heat-stroke
isotonic-dehydration---ans-✔✔Equal-loss-of-water-and-electrolytes-which-results-in-loss-of-
circulating-volume
hypertonic-dehydration---ans-✔✔Water-loss-exceeds-electrolyte-loss-
Fluid-moves-out-of-ICC-and-causes-cellular-dehydration
hypotonic-dehydration---ans-✔✔Electrolyte-loss-exceeds-water-loss-
NUTRITION EXAM 2
primary-regulator-of-fluids-and-electrolytes---ans-✔✔kidneys
ADH---ans-✔✔retain-water,-serum-dilutes,-fluid-volume-increases
aldosterone---ans-✔✔retain-Na,-leads-to-increased-fluid-volume
cortisol---ans-✔✔retain-Na,-leads-to-increased-fluid-volume
how-is-balance-of-water-controlled---ans-✔✔by-kidneys,-ADH,-and-sensation-of-thirst
how-much-water-do-adults-lose-daily-approx---ans-✔✔1750-3000-ml
insensible-water-losses-include...---ans-✔✔metabolism,-sweat,-respirations,-evaporation
total-body-water-in-infants---ans-✔✔70-80%
total-body-water-in-adults---ans-✔✔60%
total-body-water-in-older-adults---ans-✔✔50%
purpose-of-water---ans-✔✔regulate-temperature,-metabolic-reactions,-digestion,-
absorption,-solvent-for-micronutrients
fluid-recommendation-for-men-aged-19-to-over-70---ans-✔✔3.7-L/day
fluid-recommendation-for-women-aged-19-to-over-70---ans-✔✔2.7-L/day
when-is-fluid-intake-assumed-adequate---ans-✔✔when-urine-is-pale-yellow
extracellular-fluid
-percentage-
-major-electrolytes---ans-✔✔30%-in-adults,-50%-in-kids-
Less-stable-
Fluid-between-cells-
Includes-intravascular-
, Major-electrolytes-(Na-and-Cl)
Na-plays-a-huge-part-in-regulating-body-fluid-volume
intracellular-fluid-
-percentage-
-major-electrolytes---ans-✔✔Fluid-inside-the-cell-
Major-electrolytes:-K,-Ph,-Mg
ways-to-assess-fluid-status---ans-✔✔Urine-output-
-Pediatrics-=-1-ml/kg/hr,-diapers-at-least-every-8-12-hours
-Adults-=-at-least-30-ml/hr-(1-2L-per-day;-0.5-2-ml/kg/hr)
Urine-specific-gravity-
1.003-1.035
Skin-turgor,-sunken-eyes-
Mucus-membranes,-decreased-tears-
Thirst,-thick-saliva,-dry-mouth-
Body-weight-
Cap-refill---checks-perfusion-
Vital-signs---decreased-BP,-increased-HR,-increased-temp,-orthostatic-hypotension
causes-of-fluid-loss---ans-✔✔vomiting,-diarrhea,-fever,-hemorrhage,-thermal-injuries,-
fistulas,-wounds,-uncontrolled-diabetes-or-renal-disorders,-third-spacing
third-spacing---ans-✔✔Shift-of-fluid-from-vascular-space-to-a-part-of-the-body-that-is-not-
easily-exchanged-with-the-rest-of-the-ECF-
Shifts-back-in-48-72-hours-usually
common-locations-where-third-spacing-happens---ans-✔✔Tissue-spaces-(edema)-
Abdomen-(ascites)-
Pleural-spaces-(pleural-effusion)
causes-of-third-spacing---ans-✔✔Injury-or-inflammation-
Malnutrition-or-liver-dysfunction-
Heart-failure,-renal-failure
s/s-of-dehydration---ans-✔✔Impaired-mental-function,-impaired-motor-control,-increased-
body-temp-during-exercise,-increased-resting-HR-when-standing-or-lying-down,-increased-
risk-of-life-threatening-heat-stroke
isotonic-dehydration---ans-✔✔Equal-loss-of-water-and-electrolytes-which-results-in-loss-of-
circulating-volume
hypertonic-dehydration---ans-✔✔Water-loss-exceeds-electrolyte-loss-
Fluid-moves-out-of-ICC-and-causes-cellular-dehydration
hypotonic-dehydration---ans-✔✔Electrolyte-loss-exceeds-water-loss-
