Builders
The Evolution of Humans: A Journey of Brain, Body, and Culture
🟤 Early Ancestors (15–3 million years ago)
Dryopithecus: Ape-like beings who lived in dense forests and moved like modern gorillas and
chimpanzees. Covered with hair and adapted to life in trees.
Ramapithecus: Showed more human-like features and is considered one of the early links in
human evolution, marking a shift toward more advanced forms.
Australopithecines: Lived in the grasslands of East Africa. Walked on two legs (bipedalism) but
still had ape-like traits. Used simple stone tools and were fruit-eaters.
✨ The famous fossil "Lucy" belongs to this group.
🟤 Genus Homo (The True Humans)
Homo habilis: (~2 million years ago) Brain capacity 650–800 cc. The first tool makers; marked the
beginning of technological development.
Homo erectus: (~900 cc brain) First to use fire and start eating meat, contributing to brain growth.
Fossils discovered in Java in 1891.
Neanderthals: (100k–40k years ago) Brain capacity ~1400 cc. Culturally advanced; buried their
dead, showing emotional development.
Homo sapiens: Modern humans evolved during the Ice Age. Brain capacity 1350–1500 cc.
Developed complex language, culture, and advanced tools.