DMS 207 EXAM 2 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS | 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Kidney stone definition - Answer- Hard crystalline deposits formed from chemicals in
urine
Kidney stone origin - Answer- Most stones form in the kidney
Kidney stone movement - Answer- May travel through urinary tract
Kidney stone treatment - Answer- Small stones often pass with hydration
Large kidney stones - Answer- Staghorn calculi filling collecting system
Clinical signs of renal inflammatory processes - Answer- Fever, palpable mass,
increased white blood cell count, pyuria
Clinical signs of acute focal bacterial nephritis - Answer- Fever, flank pain, pyuria,
elevated BUN, elevated albumin, increased plasma proteins
Clinical signs of acute tubular necrosis - Answer- Moderate to severe intermittent flank
pain, vomiting, hematuria, infection, leukocytosis
Clinical signs of chronic renal failure - Answer- Increased urea in blood, high urine
protein excretion, elevated creatinine
Kidney stone complication - Answer- Ureteral obstruction in narrowed ureter areas
Clinical signs of inflammatory or necrotic cysts - Answer- Flank pain, hematuria,
proteinuria, white blood cells in urine
Clinical signs of renal subcapsular hematoma - Answer- Hematuria and decreased
hematocrit
Clinical signs of renal cell carcinoma - Answer- Erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, hematuria,
pyuria, increased LDH
Simple renal cyst definition - Answer- Fluid filled sac in kidney usually caused by
obstruction of renal tubules
, Simple renal cyst cause - Answer- Obstructed renal ducts or tubules
Simple renal cyst incidence - Answer- About 50% of people older than 50 years
Simple renal cyst symptoms - Answer- Usually asymptomatic and found incidentally
Simple renal cyst appearance - Answer- Solitary or multiple cysts in one or both kidneys
Simple renal cyst complications - Answer- Hemorrhage, infection, or calcification
creating a complex cyst
Complex renal cyst definition - Answer- Cyst with internal abnormalities that may
represent malignancy
Complex cyst features - Answer- Septations, thick walls, calcifications, internal echoes,
mural nodularity
Complex cyst internal echoes cause - Answer- Protein, hemorrhage, or infection
Complex cyst malignancy rule - Answer- Any irregularity at base of cyst should be
considered malignant
Complex cyst Doppler clue - Answer- Septa thicker than 1 mm with vascularity suggests
malignancy
Renal sinus parapelvic cyst definition - Answer- Small cysts arising from renal sinus
lymphatic tissue
Parapelvic cyst communication - Answer- Do not communicate with collecting system
Parapelvic cyst symptoms - Answer- Pain, hematuria, hypertension, obstruction
Von Hippel Lindau syndrome definition - Answer- Genetic disorder causing
noncancerous tumors in multiple organs
Tuberous sclerosis definition - Answer- Genetic condition causing benign tumors in
multiple organs
Acquired cystic kidney disease definition - Answer- Cystic disease occurring in patients
with chronic renal failure or dialysis
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease definition - Answer- Genetic disorder
causing dilation of renal collecting tubules leading to renal failure
SOLUTIONS | 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Kidney stone definition - Answer- Hard crystalline deposits formed from chemicals in
urine
Kidney stone origin - Answer- Most stones form in the kidney
Kidney stone movement - Answer- May travel through urinary tract
Kidney stone treatment - Answer- Small stones often pass with hydration
Large kidney stones - Answer- Staghorn calculi filling collecting system
Clinical signs of renal inflammatory processes - Answer- Fever, palpable mass,
increased white blood cell count, pyuria
Clinical signs of acute focal bacterial nephritis - Answer- Fever, flank pain, pyuria,
elevated BUN, elevated albumin, increased plasma proteins
Clinical signs of acute tubular necrosis - Answer- Moderate to severe intermittent flank
pain, vomiting, hematuria, infection, leukocytosis
Clinical signs of chronic renal failure - Answer- Increased urea in blood, high urine
protein excretion, elevated creatinine
Kidney stone complication - Answer- Ureteral obstruction in narrowed ureter areas
Clinical signs of inflammatory or necrotic cysts - Answer- Flank pain, hematuria,
proteinuria, white blood cells in urine
Clinical signs of renal subcapsular hematoma - Answer- Hematuria and decreased
hematocrit
Clinical signs of renal cell carcinoma - Answer- Erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, hematuria,
pyuria, increased LDH
Simple renal cyst definition - Answer- Fluid filled sac in kidney usually caused by
obstruction of renal tubules
, Simple renal cyst cause - Answer- Obstructed renal ducts or tubules
Simple renal cyst incidence - Answer- About 50% of people older than 50 years
Simple renal cyst symptoms - Answer- Usually asymptomatic and found incidentally
Simple renal cyst appearance - Answer- Solitary or multiple cysts in one or both kidneys
Simple renal cyst complications - Answer- Hemorrhage, infection, or calcification
creating a complex cyst
Complex renal cyst definition - Answer- Cyst with internal abnormalities that may
represent malignancy
Complex cyst features - Answer- Septations, thick walls, calcifications, internal echoes,
mural nodularity
Complex cyst internal echoes cause - Answer- Protein, hemorrhage, or infection
Complex cyst malignancy rule - Answer- Any irregularity at base of cyst should be
considered malignant
Complex cyst Doppler clue - Answer- Septa thicker than 1 mm with vascularity suggests
malignancy
Renal sinus parapelvic cyst definition - Answer- Small cysts arising from renal sinus
lymphatic tissue
Parapelvic cyst communication - Answer- Do not communicate with collecting system
Parapelvic cyst symptoms - Answer- Pain, hematuria, hypertension, obstruction
Von Hippel Lindau syndrome definition - Answer- Genetic disorder causing
noncancerous tumors in multiple organs
Tuberous sclerosis definition - Answer- Genetic condition causing benign tumors in
multiple organs
Acquired cystic kidney disease definition - Answer- Cystic disease occurring in patients
with chronic renal failure or dialysis
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease definition - Answer- Genetic disorder
causing dilation of renal collecting tubules leading to renal failure
