A&P 2 Midterm Study Guide

A&P 2 Midterm Study Guide 35 Multiple choice @ 2 pts 4 All that apply @ 5 pts 15 Fill in the blank @ 2 pts 1 Essay @ 20 pts Total: 175 pts Ch. 10 Characteristics of smooth and cardiac muscle tissue • Cardiac Muscle o Involuntary, intrinsically controlled, striated, branched, and single nucleated. • Smooth Muscle (Visceral) o Involuntary, not striated, not branched, and singly nucleated. Functions of the 3 types of muscle tissue • Skeletal Muscle o Moves bones and other structures • Smooth Muscle o Contractions and relaxation of the autonomic nervous system, and walls of organs • Cardiac Muscle o Pump blood Characteristics of skeletal muscle: excitability, elasticity • Voluntary, striated, not branched, and multinucleated • Excitability: ability to respond to a stimulus, delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone. • Elasticity: ability to return to its original length & shape after contraction or extension. Components of a skeletal muscle cell • Myofibrils: cylindrical structures that extend along the complete length of the cell. Twitch contraction • Brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron. Layers of connective tissue holding skeletal muscle organs together (3 types) • Epimysium: outer layer, dense irregular connective tissue, surrounds muscle organs • Perimysium: middle layer, dense irregular connective tissue, contains nerves and vasculature; surrounds muscle fascicles. • Endomysium: interior layer, loose/elastic connective tissue, contains capillaries, nerves and stem cells, surround muscle fibers. Parts of the sarcomere • Z Discs: narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that separate one sarcomere from the next. • A Band: dark, middle part of sarcomere that extends entire length of thick filaments