Samenvatting Engels Tekst en Communicatie 1 : SEM 1 + 2

1: introduction communication


Transmission model

SENDER RECEIVER
message

Transactional model= create meaning together

message

noise

IN SENDER RECEIVER OUT
(encodes) (decodes)
medium



feedback
- noise: everything that disrupts the transmission of the message
- feedback: everything messaged back to sender

Miscommunication

Variables: personal perceptual filters ( unique, due to personal life experiences)

- relationships affect comm. (trust/no trust)
- personal understanding of semantics, connotations of words
- distracted by other stimuli
- the more people, the more complex

communication = two-way street: needs effort from both people, don’t assume that your perception
is the objective truth – dialogue to reach a common understanding

Text: there should be a form of communication
- Written or printed words, typically forming a connected piece of work.
- A text is a sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech.
- A coherent set of symbols that transmits some kind of informative message.

,PP ex
Newspaper tabloid
- informative facts - entertainment
- Quotes
- Straight to the point
- Linguistic characteristics

Poem traffic signs

- lay out – content: - short: fast message
genre conventions are broken on purpose to;
mess w readers expectations / give interesting reading experience


 Introduction ex voc
 Assignment 1: poem Lochinvar



2. Text analysis


ORGANIZING INFO
2 principles:
- A speaker/writer should start with what the hearer/reader already knows
- When a sequence is described, its elements should be given in the order in which they take place
directions: start from a place the other person already knows – start chronologically

Why?
- ensure efficient communication
- Courtesy to the reader
- Writer needs to ‘sell’ his product: consumption-oriented society:
constant competition for reader’s attention

Consequences for the writer:
- Promote your ‘goods’ by ensuring a high-quality product (accurate information, persuasive
arguments)
- Package your product as attractively as possible (eye-catching initial impression is important)

Paragraphs: text seems more manageable
Introduction: gives you a trial feeling




3 DIFFERENT LEVELS:
Sentence level (syntax, word order)
- chronological

Paragraph
Text

Title:

, - should be immediately recognizable ( bold or capital / centrally at top / leave at least one line
blank between the title and the text)
requirements
- It should catch the eye
- It needs to be true to the content of the text
Functions
- gets the reader interested
- announces topic

short / easily understandable / neutral!!!!




Paragraph level
- A unit of text intermediate between the sentence and the entire text
- Typographically recognizable : block of text, first line indented
- Inner coherence: each paragraph deals with one issue

4 PARAGRAPH STRUCTURES
 Tripartite structure
1. Topic sentence (at the beginning of paragraph / presents the issue dealt with in the paragraph )
2. Elaboration ( series of linked sentences / Treatment of the issue )
3. Terminus ( Presents the conclusion of the preceding elaboration )

 step structure:
- A procedure : a text type that tells you how to carry out a process step by step in the right order
- narratives ( logical procedure / each step builds on the preceding one)

 chain structure :
- no tight organization (exploratory way of writing)
- The sentences appearing in succession are linked most obviously only to the previous sentence


 balance structure:
- A weighing up of descriptive facts / arguments, for and against a proposition
giving equal proportion to each side, without coming down in favor of one or the other

Textual level ( Different genres have different ways of structuring info)
4 TEXTUAL STRUCTURES

 chain structure : novel
- loosely organized info
- no real prescribed structure  story
- author’s choice

 step structure : recipe, manual
- Information organized step by step
- instruction