BIO 182 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
evolution - Answers -descent with modification
natural selection - Answers -mechanism for change
genetic drift - Answers -random change in alleles
anatomical homologies - Answers -variations on a structural theme that was present in
a common ancestor
speciation - Answers -the process by which one species splits into two or more species
microevolution - Answers -changes in allele frequencies within a population
macroevolution - Answers -the broad pattern of evolution over time
species - Answers -taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
reproductive isolation - Answers -the existence of biological barriers that prevent
members of two species from producing viable, fertile hybrids
hybrid - Answers -an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or
stock
prezygotic barriers - Answers -prevents fertilization between species
habitat isolation - Answers -organisms that use different habitats are unlikely to
encounter each other and mate
behavioral isolation - Answers -species use unique and elaborate behaviors to attract
mates thus isolating other species
temporal isolation - Answers -two species that breed at different times of day, season,
or year are unlikely to encounter each other and mate
mechanical isolation - Answers -closely related species cannot mate because of
incompatible bodies
gametic isolation - Answers -gametes of two species do not form a zygote because of
incompatibilities preventing fertilization
postzygotic barriers - Answers -prevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable,
fertile adults
, reduced hybrid viability - Answers -genetic incompatibility between two species may
abort the hybrid embryo
reduced hybrid fertility - Answers -even if a hybrid develops into a healthy, strong adult,
it may be infertile
hybrid breakdown - Answers -first-generation hybrids are viable and fertile but when
they mate with either parent species, the next generation is feeble or sterile
morphological species concept - Answers -defines a species by body shape and other
structural features
ecological species concept - Answers -defines species in terms of its ecological niche
phylogenetic species concept - Answers -defines a species as the smallest group of
individuals that shares a common ancestor and forms on branch on the tree of life
allopatric speciation - Answers -geographic separation of populations restricts gene
flow
sympatric speciation - Answers -speciation occuring in populations that live in the same
geographic area
polyploid - Answers -organism having more than twice the haploid number of
chromosomes
autopolyploid - Answers -having two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived
from the same species
allopolyploid - Answers -having two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived
from different species
habitat differentiation - Answers -when subpopulations become dependent on different
resources than the parent population
sexual selection - Answers -a mode of natural selection in which some individuals
outreproduce others of a population because they are better at securing mates
hybrid zone - Answers -region in which members of different species meet and mate,
producing hybrids
reinforcement - Answers -process which strengthens reproductive barriers especially
between sympatric species
punctuated equilibrium - Answers -in the fossil record, the pattern of apparent stasis
punctuated by sudden change
evolution - Answers -descent with modification
natural selection - Answers -mechanism for change
genetic drift - Answers -random change in alleles
anatomical homologies - Answers -variations on a structural theme that was present in
a common ancestor
speciation - Answers -the process by which one species splits into two or more species
microevolution - Answers -changes in allele frequencies within a population
macroevolution - Answers -the broad pattern of evolution over time
species - Answers -taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
reproductive isolation - Answers -the existence of biological barriers that prevent
members of two species from producing viable, fertile hybrids
hybrid - Answers -an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or
stock
prezygotic barriers - Answers -prevents fertilization between species
habitat isolation - Answers -organisms that use different habitats are unlikely to
encounter each other and mate
behavioral isolation - Answers -species use unique and elaborate behaviors to attract
mates thus isolating other species
temporal isolation - Answers -two species that breed at different times of day, season,
or year are unlikely to encounter each other and mate
mechanical isolation - Answers -closely related species cannot mate because of
incompatible bodies
gametic isolation - Answers -gametes of two species do not form a zygote because of
incompatibilities preventing fertilization
postzygotic barriers - Answers -prevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable,
fertile adults
, reduced hybrid viability - Answers -genetic incompatibility between two species may
abort the hybrid embryo
reduced hybrid fertility - Answers -even if a hybrid develops into a healthy, strong adult,
it may be infertile
hybrid breakdown - Answers -first-generation hybrids are viable and fertile but when
they mate with either parent species, the next generation is feeble or sterile
morphological species concept - Answers -defines a species by body shape and other
structural features
ecological species concept - Answers -defines species in terms of its ecological niche
phylogenetic species concept - Answers -defines a species as the smallest group of
individuals that shares a common ancestor and forms on branch on the tree of life
allopatric speciation - Answers -geographic separation of populations restricts gene
flow
sympatric speciation - Answers -speciation occuring in populations that live in the same
geographic area
polyploid - Answers -organism having more than twice the haploid number of
chromosomes
autopolyploid - Answers -having two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived
from the same species
allopolyploid - Answers -having two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived
from different species
habitat differentiation - Answers -when subpopulations become dependent on different
resources than the parent population
sexual selection - Answers -a mode of natural selection in which some individuals
outreproduce others of a population because they are better at securing mates
hybrid zone - Answers -region in which members of different species meet and mate,
producing hybrids
reinforcement - Answers -process which strengthens reproductive barriers especially
between sympatric species
punctuated equilibrium - Answers -in the fossil record, the pattern of apparent stasis
punctuated by sudden change
