CHEM 210|Biochem Module 4|Biochem Module 4 Study Guide| Updated Solution

Module 4 : VOLab


Glucose Sugar : Cutti206
Monosaccharide Simple Sugarl monomeric sugar
Oligosaccharide Short Chains of Monosaccharides joined together
polysaccharide Lot monosaccharides joined in
long Chains by O-glycosidic bonds
"
= O
Aldose Monosaccharides us aldehyde groups
-
c

Ketose monosaccharides ul Ketone group Hzc = 0
Fischer projection 2 dimensional structures that 3D
rep Carbohydrates
formulas -


Can show all Carbons or indicate Interior carbons by intersecting bonds

dextose glucose always the D form

eximers monsaccharides that differ In orientation & 1 position
furnose :
3
5 atom structure 4 Carbons 1 oxygen
: both cyclic structures

6 atom structure 5 Carbons : 1
pyranose :
oxygen
anomeric carbon reduced or reacted carbon ring structure


3
beta form UP (left) anomers

Alpha forms down (right)
O-glycosidic 2 monosaccharides react
through a condensation exn to form glycosidic linkage
that highlights the oxygen atom in the bond

HomopolysaccharidesSingle type of monosaccharides glucose :


Heteropolysaccharides 2 or more types of monosaccharides
starch amylose : amylopectin
amylose linear chain of glucose joined together in < 14 bonds in continuous chain (no branching
main few thousand
-




chain to million glucose molecules bonded together
amylopectin long chain of glucose bonded together and branches
every 24-30 glucose molecule apart

from the main chain

reducing end undergo chemical changes easily bic carbon is not connected to another monosaccharide

contains O-glycosidic linkage that limits reactivity
nonreducing end

, Module 4 . 1 : filucose : structure

Glucose : Most abundant biomolecules on earth (CnH2nO)
·


3 types :



monosaccharides
-




oligosaccharides
-




polysaccharides
-




-


Functions (4)
① use energy source in most organisms
-

Whether organism synthesizes or acquires it from food sources

all organisms have metabolic pathway to breakdown carbs
-




② Carbohydrates serve as imediate metabolic pathways
EX Pentose (PPP) Intermediates
-



: Phosphate Pathway : carbs enable cells to produce NADPh

its Used to control radicals
oxygen
③ Role in structure
-




Polymers make up cellulose /forms cornstalks (

① Role in RNA : DNA Aldehyde
O Ketones
Il
O
structure :
H3 C -


C -

H
Il
C
Monosaccharides : simple /3-y Carbons ( Htz( CH3
-




Carbs
-




-


CnHenOn
-

Aldose : Aldehyde
-


Ketose : Ketone




3
EX: D-glyceraldehyde Ex : Dihydroxyacetone smallest
H 0 HI monosaccharides
, H-C- OH2 have 3 carbons
6
only
(
o
"it
02
=

C3H603
H -
(3 -


H3
5


3
GH4
Fischer projection formulas :
·


show all carbons or indicate interior carbons Intersected by bonds.

top Carbon has aldehyde or Retone

D-erythrose
I
CHO standard
CHU
way


⑪
H 22 OH -
-




>
-
H
2
of to snow fisher projection
H-c-on Ot

HUH 4
CHzUH