CHEM 210|Biochem Module 2|Biochem Module 2 Study Guide| Updated Solution

Module 2 : Aqueous Solutions
Vocabulary
① Autrionization compounds ability to react itself to form ions .




②heat capacity heat able to absorb before it vaporizes or heat up

③electronegativity atoms
ability to attract esto itself win a sovalent bond

⑪ non-covalent forces forces form bown molecules

⑤ partial charges unequal sharing of e>
⑥ dipole dipole 2 molecules
align their dipoles to gen . an attraction

① hydrogen bonds strongest dipole-dipole interaction
⑧ hydrogen donor bonded
covalently w O ,
N, F
⑨ hydrogen acceptor non-bonded -

on a separate O , N , F


⑱ strong acids dissolve in water : Ionize (hydrochloric acid : sulfric acid)
⑪Strong bases dissolve in water : Ionize (sodium hydroxide : Calcium hydroxide)
⑫ weak acids dissolve in water : Partially ionize
⑬ Weak bases dissolve in water : Partially ionize
⑪Proton acceptor gets Ht , to reform weak acid

⑮ proton donor generates H+

⑭ Buffer agreous system that resist changes in pH when Small amts of weak acids or


Weak bases are added bic Weak acid or conjugate base can react ,
neutralize the

addition of either acid or base

⑪ buffering range
+
/1 0pH unit
.
of pla
⑱ buttering capacity limit to the amt of acid or base a buffer can neutralize

, Module 2: Aqueous Solutions
water


Bond Angle :
Bent Shape ·
Sp3 hybridization
·

strong bonds

doesn't show
polar
·




tetrahedral electronegativity
bic of lone
·
2 sets bonding e-
pairs .



2 sets
non-bonding
·



Water : Solvent Properties e-


·
water dissolves :


-


Ionic substances (salt , KI)

-hydrogen-bondingSubstances (C-OH ,
N-H)

Carbohydrates proteins amino acias (solvable in water
-


, ,




·
Water does NOT dissolve :


-


oily molecules /looking oil , bees wax)

-helpful in
building plasma membranes (separate life from non-life

solligative properties
·
:




melting point : Snow life
-




put salt to ↓
melting point dissolving ice
=
,



-

osmotic pressure :

-water
moving from an area of highly concentration of water to

& lower concentration of water

water leaves shrivels
egg +
egg
water enters swells
egge egg
water
Chemistry
· Autoionization : rxn ul itself to form ions
Asid base
g O


lacid) Ibase)
ion
↑




2 water rxn w itself to form
hydronium and hydroxide lon



Water :
Compared ul other compounds

O is same column , same
chemistry
·




120 has
-

bent tetrahedral , Sp3
,
↑ ↑
higher MP/BP1


S
Al than the ↓ ↓ ↓ Physical property ↓S
:




rest ↓ ↓ ↓

↓ ↓ ↓

, ·
liquid is more dense than solid

water has high heat
capacity
Cheat capacity : the heat able to absorb before it vaporizes
·
water has attractive properities
lattracted to itself)
Water (module

2 non-metals elements bonded
covalently
·




·
small non-metals form stable covalent bonds due to significant overlap of atoms

°
Bent shape we diff in
electronegativity yields a polarized molecule



i
.




H-" :


electronegativity : atoms ability to attract
-

to itself in covalent bond



·
dipoles show more
slectronegative atom Joxygen
both dipoles
· =

polarity of water

· Molecule has uneven distribution of e-due to O2 ability
from
to attract to both hydrogens
=
Polarity

Non-polar molecules :



cooking oil
bees wax

Polar molecules :

·
polar nature of water allowsIt to dissolve other polar molecules
-



glucose due to C-OH O
It
acetic acid
(vinegar) due to carboxylic acid group R-C-oH
-




Water dissolves due
·
to size , shape ,: Polarity

Water Properities
·
higher melting or boiling point indicate the molecules hasStronger Intermolecular forces
·
neat vaporization-amt of heat needed to
change a liquid e gas