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Estructura y reacciones de las moléculas orgánicas

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Uploaded on
September 24, 2014
Number of pages
18
Written in
2013/2014
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Class notes
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Tema 1
Estructura y reacciones de las
moléculas orgánicas
Objetivos
1.- Comprender el concepto de grupo funcional
2.- Comprender como se puede deducir la forma de las moléculas
3.- Comprender el concepto de enlace polar
4.- Distinguir entre moléculas polares y apolares
5.- Conocer los tipos más importantes de reacciones orgánicas
6.- Concepto de nucleófilo y electrófilo
7.- Comprender los conceptos cinéticos y termodinámicos más importantes.
8.- Distinguir isómeros constitucionales
9.- Determinar fórmulas moleculares

, Grupos funcionales más importantes

Clase Grupo funcional Ejemplo

alcanos ninguno CH3-CH3


alquenos CH3CH=CH2

aromáticos




alquinos CH3-CC-CH3


haluros de alquilo -halógeno CH3-CH2-Br

, Clase Grupo funcional Ejemplo

alcoholes -OH CH3-CH2-OH


éteres -O- CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3


aminas primarias -NH2 CH3-NH2
aminas secundarias -NH- (CH3)2NH
aminas terciarias (CH3)3N




tioles -SH CH3-CH2-SH


sulfuros -S- (CH3)2S
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