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Foodscience 1.1 zetmeel

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September 23, 2014
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Written in
2013/2014
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De grote mate van ordening en kristallijne gebieden , gepaard met H-bruggen
tussen de vele hydroxylgroepen onderling zijn de redenen dat zetmeel niet
oplost in koud water.
De korrel kan wel koud water opnemen (35% gewichtsbasis), de ordening
blijft on stand en het proces is reversible.
Als de korrel warm water opneemt, zwelt de korrel groot op en de H-bruggen
verbreken.
Aardappelzetmeel is een superzweller en zwelt maar liefst 1000 maal in
volume toe.
De andere soorten zwellen van 20 tot 80 maal in volume.
Het zwellen en oplossen van zetmeelkorrels in water wordt weergegeven in
een verstijfelingscurve.
y-as: viscositeit, x-as: temperatuur
Tijdens het verwarmen
1)neemt amylose in de zetmeelkorrel water op. Korrels zwellen-
>stroperige suspensie.
2)neemt amylopectine in de zetmeelkorrel water op.
De korrels zwellen verder en verliezen hun structuur en stevigheid
definitief(viscositeit is max).
Bij verder verwarmen/roeren gaan de zetmeelkorrels kapot en de
moleculen lossen op in water. De viscositeit neemt af, en het water
wordt helder.
Bij afkoelen treden gelvorming en retrogradatie op.
De verstijfselingscurve verschilt per zetmeelsoort en hangt af van de
kristalstructuur en van de aanwezigheid van fosfaatgroepen en vet.
Verstijfelingstemperatuur: de temperatuur waarbij de viscositeit
merkbaar toeneemt. hangt af van:
- concentratie
- ketenlengte
- vorm van het molecuul
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