● Colonists wanted to migrate to Ohio
but Britain restricted
CHAPTER 4
● British colonists worse than French
Seven Years' War or French Indian War
b/c no gift giving and had large
● Great Britain prohibited colonists
settlements
from westward expansion into Ohio
● Pontiac: assembled Ottawa,
River Valley
Padawati, and Huron leaders and
○ May spark conflict with
attacked colonists who attacked
indigenous groups
back
○ French claimed that land as
● British angry at colonists because
well
they didn’t distinguish their enemies
● Britain reaped huge profits from
from allies while fighting
overseas trade and France
Royal Proclamation 1763
threatened that.
● Forbade British colonists from
● France built Fort of Duquesne
migrating west beyond Appalachian
● Washington warned the French to go
Mountains
away when they built forts at Ohio
● Angered colonists who were eager to
River Valley,, but when ignored,
expand, as they saw it as the Crown
Washington fought and failed
interfering.
● War breaks out
● Colonists still moved across anyway
Paxton Boys
Albany Conference, 1754
● Scots-irish frontiersman in PA
● Britain forges alliance with Iroquois
demanded tax relief and money to
Confederacy
defend against the Delaware and
● Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of
Shawnee Indians who were fighting
Union: proposed the colonists to
them
unite, but rejected by colonies and
● Scots-Irish in turn massacred 20
Britain because both felt lack of
peaceful Native Americans due to
power
their government’s failure to protect
● Most Natives had sided with France
settlers
● Were not prosecuted and led to a
Treaty of Paris, 1763
stirring of racial hatred and political
● Britain won because of sheer amount
resentment
of colonists
Zenger Case
● France ceded Canada and all
● Printer John Peter Zenger accused of
territory east of Mississippi to Britain
libel (publishing false statements) for
(all of Ohio River Valley to Britain)
criticizing the royal governor
● Spain gave Florida to Britain
● Found not guilty and established
● Britain would become the dominant
early precedent for freedom of
power, but heavy in debt.
speech and press
Republicanism
Pontiac's Rebellion
, ● Belief in a representative leaders would discuss politics
government, where people give nonimportation movement
power to leaders they elect represent ● Widespread boycott of British goods
them and serve their interests to protest taxes
● Citizens resist gov corruption and ● Women played a vital role with
promote civic virtue spinning bees and homemade cloth
Sugar Act Declaratory Act
● Lowered taxes on molasses but ● Passed after repealing Stamp Act
eliminate illegal sugar trade between ● Said Parliament had the right to
continental colonies, France, and legislate over the colonists in “all
Indians cases whatsoever”
Stamp Act Townshend Duties
● Imposed taxes on printed ● tax on common imported items like
documents (newspapers, legal docs, glass, paint, paper and tea
etc) John Dickinson Letters From a Farmer
● Direct tax on colonists ● Argued that only elected assemblies
● Affected almost all social classes could tax colonists
"virtual representation" ● Helped unite colonists in protest
● The idea that members of Parliament Boston Massacre, Crispus Attucks, John
represented the interests of all British Adams (March 5, 1770)
subjects, even if such colonists were ● Bostonians were harassing customs
not physically present. officials and British troops were
Sons of Liberty and Sam Adams stationed there
● Sons of Liberty led by Sam Adams ● Bostonians were throwing snowballs
● Groups of merchants, craftsmen, etc, and rocks at the customs HQ, and
who would terrorize stamp agents held clubs
and burn stamps, ending sale of ● Captain Preston and his men were
stamps trying to protect it, and suddenly first
Daughters of Liberty shot was heard and then British
● Figures: Abigail Adams, Mercy Otis troops fought, killing 5 people
Warren ○ Included Crispus Attucks, an
● Would boycott British goods and African-Native American sailor
manufacture their own products ● John Adams was defense attorney
● They would give up their tea for their for British, leading them to be guilty
freedom for manslaughter therefore less
Mercy Otis Warren punishment
● Wrote pamphlets and poems ● Event used as propaganda by many
criticizing British policies and Patriots like Paul Revere
encouraged independence, Tea Act
employing satire ● East India company was about to go
● Hosted a salon that served as a bankrupt so they made monopoly
social gathering, where intellectual from tea
, ● The tea was cheaper than rights
smuggling Dutch Tea, but still taxed ● Organize boycotts and prepare
from Townshend Acts militarily if necessary
● People, especially women, starting Lexington and Concord "minute men"
boycotting tea ● Farmers and townspeople in MA
● Smugglers suffered because it was prepping to be minutemen
lowering their profits and it made it ● Thomas Gage was hesitant at first
so Britain could establish a ● British heard colonial gunpowder
monopoly from them was placed in Concord, and that is
Boston Tea Party when they decided to go
● In response to the Tea Act, groups of ● Paul Revere and William Dawes
Patriots dressed as Mohawks warned villages of the British
boarded British ships at Boston incoming
harbor and dumped 342 chests of ● First shots heard around the world
tea into waters ● Colonists forced British retreat
Intolerable Acts, including Quebec Act
● Law to punish MA for the Boston Tea
Party
● Lost Boston Harbor until tea was paid
for, restricted self governance,
requested them to house troops
● Quebec Act: expanded territory south
into the Ohio River Valley where
some colonists had wanted.
○ granted political rights to
French Catholics, which
implied possible Catholic
authority (most colonists were
Protestant)
○ Kept French law for civil
matters
Committees of Correspondence
● Groups of colonists who
communicated colonial grievances
and shared news about British
actions
● Originally in MA, formed by Sam
Adams
Continental Congress
● Delegates from 12 colonies except GA
● Responded to the Intolerable Acts
● Petition the King to restore colonial
, Culper Spy Ring
CHAPTER 5
● An American intelligence network
Olive Branch Petition
that acted as spies for George
● Written by John Dickinson
Washington’s army
● Up until this point, the British colonists
○ Used invisible ink to write
didn’t blame the king
messages
● Final plea from the Second
○ Was important in ambushing
Continental Congress that asked the
the French Army in Rhode
King to address grievances and
Island
repeal laws
role of women
● Rejected by the King
● Camp Followers: nurses, cooks,
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
launderers, etc who were women
● Sold 120,000 copies in 3 months
that would follow and provide
● Just because British were useful
support for the army. Some women
before does not mean they will
would even dress themselves up as
benefit America in the future
men
● Encouraged trade outside of Britain
○ They would increase morale
● Said colonists needed to cut tie with
through cooking and cleaning
British monarchy completely
for army
Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
○ Molly Pitcher: carried water for
● Drafted primarily by Thomas
the soldiers and took her
Jefferson, but also Ben Franklin and
husband’s place in the army
John Adams
● Married women had no property,
○ Took inspiration from works
wages, voting, or right to divorce
like John Locke
○ Abigail Adams: told Adams to
● Declared colonies independent from
recognize ladies and be more
Britain
generous to them
● Justified rebellion based on natural
○ Eliza Wilkinson: insisted on
rights and government by consent
ending restrictive customs
Bunker Hill
and laws. Wanted liberty of
● British troops made head on attacks
thought.
against the American fortifications
● Women were in charge of farms and
● British won, however faced severe
businesses while men fought
casualties and proved that colonists
● Led protests against price increases,
could stand against the British
rioted, or looted food
Continental Army
● Attacked British troops when possible
● Led by George Washington
or were spies
● Faced shortages, poor training, and
Republican motherhood
morale issues
● Women’s political agenda was to
● Valley Forge: PA farmers were selling
teach republican ideals and civic
food for high prices so as to not help
virtue to their sons
the army
● People like Benjamin Rush pushed for
●
but Britain restricted
CHAPTER 4
● British colonists worse than French
Seven Years' War or French Indian War
b/c no gift giving and had large
● Great Britain prohibited colonists
settlements
from westward expansion into Ohio
● Pontiac: assembled Ottawa,
River Valley
Padawati, and Huron leaders and
○ May spark conflict with
attacked colonists who attacked
indigenous groups
back
○ French claimed that land as
● British angry at colonists because
well
they didn’t distinguish their enemies
● Britain reaped huge profits from
from allies while fighting
overseas trade and France
Royal Proclamation 1763
threatened that.
● Forbade British colonists from
● France built Fort of Duquesne
migrating west beyond Appalachian
● Washington warned the French to go
Mountains
away when they built forts at Ohio
● Angered colonists who were eager to
River Valley,, but when ignored,
expand, as they saw it as the Crown
Washington fought and failed
interfering.
● War breaks out
● Colonists still moved across anyway
Paxton Boys
Albany Conference, 1754
● Scots-irish frontiersman in PA
● Britain forges alliance with Iroquois
demanded tax relief and money to
Confederacy
defend against the Delaware and
● Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of
Shawnee Indians who were fighting
Union: proposed the colonists to
them
unite, but rejected by colonies and
● Scots-Irish in turn massacred 20
Britain because both felt lack of
peaceful Native Americans due to
power
their government’s failure to protect
● Most Natives had sided with France
settlers
● Were not prosecuted and led to a
Treaty of Paris, 1763
stirring of racial hatred and political
● Britain won because of sheer amount
resentment
of colonists
Zenger Case
● France ceded Canada and all
● Printer John Peter Zenger accused of
territory east of Mississippi to Britain
libel (publishing false statements) for
(all of Ohio River Valley to Britain)
criticizing the royal governor
● Spain gave Florida to Britain
● Found not guilty and established
● Britain would become the dominant
early precedent for freedom of
power, but heavy in debt.
speech and press
Republicanism
Pontiac's Rebellion
, ● Belief in a representative leaders would discuss politics
government, where people give nonimportation movement
power to leaders they elect represent ● Widespread boycott of British goods
them and serve their interests to protest taxes
● Citizens resist gov corruption and ● Women played a vital role with
promote civic virtue spinning bees and homemade cloth
Sugar Act Declaratory Act
● Lowered taxes on molasses but ● Passed after repealing Stamp Act
eliminate illegal sugar trade between ● Said Parliament had the right to
continental colonies, France, and legislate over the colonists in “all
Indians cases whatsoever”
Stamp Act Townshend Duties
● Imposed taxes on printed ● tax on common imported items like
documents (newspapers, legal docs, glass, paint, paper and tea
etc) John Dickinson Letters From a Farmer
● Direct tax on colonists ● Argued that only elected assemblies
● Affected almost all social classes could tax colonists
"virtual representation" ● Helped unite colonists in protest
● The idea that members of Parliament Boston Massacre, Crispus Attucks, John
represented the interests of all British Adams (March 5, 1770)
subjects, even if such colonists were ● Bostonians were harassing customs
not physically present. officials and British troops were
Sons of Liberty and Sam Adams stationed there
● Sons of Liberty led by Sam Adams ● Bostonians were throwing snowballs
● Groups of merchants, craftsmen, etc, and rocks at the customs HQ, and
who would terrorize stamp agents held clubs
and burn stamps, ending sale of ● Captain Preston and his men were
stamps trying to protect it, and suddenly first
Daughters of Liberty shot was heard and then British
● Figures: Abigail Adams, Mercy Otis troops fought, killing 5 people
Warren ○ Included Crispus Attucks, an
● Would boycott British goods and African-Native American sailor
manufacture their own products ● John Adams was defense attorney
● They would give up their tea for their for British, leading them to be guilty
freedom for manslaughter therefore less
Mercy Otis Warren punishment
● Wrote pamphlets and poems ● Event used as propaganda by many
criticizing British policies and Patriots like Paul Revere
encouraged independence, Tea Act
employing satire ● East India company was about to go
● Hosted a salon that served as a bankrupt so they made monopoly
social gathering, where intellectual from tea
, ● The tea was cheaper than rights
smuggling Dutch Tea, but still taxed ● Organize boycotts and prepare
from Townshend Acts militarily if necessary
● People, especially women, starting Lexington and Concord "minute men"
boycotting tea ● Farmers and townspeople in MA
● Smugglers suffered because it was prepping to be minutemen
lowering their profits and it made it ● Thomas Gage was hesitant at first
so Britain could establish a ● British heard colonial gunpowder
monopoly from them was placed in Concord, and that is
Boston Tea Party when they decided to go
● In response to the Tea Act, groups of ● Paul Revere and William Dawes
Patriots dressed as Mohawks warned villages of the British
boarded British ships at Boston incoming
harbor and dumped 342 chests of ● First shots heard around the world
tea into waters ● Colonists forced British retreat
Intolerable Acts, including Quebec Act
● Law to punish MA for the Boston Tea
Party
● Lost Boston Harbor until tea was paid
for, restricted self governance,
requested them to house troops
● Quebec Act: expanded territory south
into the Ohio River Valley where
some colonists had wanted.
○ granted political rights to
French Catholics, which
implied possible Catholic
authority (most colonists were
Protestant)
○ Kept French law for civil
matters
Committees of Correspondence
● Groups of colonists who
communicated colonial grievances
and shared news about British
actions
● Originally in MA, formed by Sam
Adams
Continental Congress
● Delegates from 12 colonies except GA
● Responded to the Intolerable Acts
● Petition the King to restore colonial
, Culper Spy Ring
CHAPTER 5
● An American intelligence network
Olive Branch Petition
that acted as spies for George
● Written by John Dickinson
Washington’s army
● Up until this point, the British colonists
○ Used invisible ink to write
didn’t blame the king
messages
● Final plea from the Second
○ Was important in ambushing
Continental Congress that asked the
the French Army in Rhode
King to address grievances and
Island
repeal laws
role of women
● Rejected by the King
● Camp Followers: nurses, cooks,
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
launderers, etc who were women
● Sold 120,000 copies in 3 months
that would follow and provide
● Just because British were useful
support for the army. Some women
before does not mean they will
would even dress themselves up as
benefit America in the future
men
● Encouraged trade outside of Britain
○ They would increase morale
● Said colonists needed to cut tie with
through cooking and cleaning
British monarchy completely
for army
Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)
○ Molly Pitcher: carried water for
● Drafted primarily by Thomas
the soldiers and took her
Jefferson, but also Ben Franklin and
husband’s place in the army
John Adams
● Married women had no property,
○ Took inspiration from works
wages, voting, or right to divorce
like John Locke
○ Abigail Adams: told Adams to
● Declared colonies independent from
recognize ladies and be more
Britain
generous to them
● Justified rebellion based on natural
○ Eliza Wilkinson: insisted on
rights and government by consent
ending restrictive customs
Bunker Hill
and laws. Wanted liberty of
● British troops made head on attacks
thought.
against the American fortifications
● Women were in charge of farms and
● British won, however faced severe
businesses while men fought
casualties and proved that colonists
● Led protests against price increases,
could stand against the British
rioted, or looted food
Continental Army
● Attacked British troops when possible
● Led by George Washington
or were spies
● Faced shortages, poor training, and
Republican motherhood
morale issues
● Women’s political agenda was to
● Valley Forge: PA farmers were selling
teach republican ideals and civic
food for high prices so as to not help
virtue to their sons
the army
● People like Benjamin Rush pushed for
●
