,Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
ji JA ji
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The―father‖ofimmunologyisgenerallyconsideredtobe
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generallyconsidered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
2. An early form of immunization was practiced bythe
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization byinhaling dried
powd ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplifyspecific functions.
d. Both A and B.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body a
ji
gainst nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nons
ji ji
pecific effect or mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific comp
onents of the immu ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukoc
ytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recoveryfrom infectious disease.
ji
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
resis tance to infectious diseases. A deficiencyor dysfunction of the immune system can cau
se many di sorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a tr
ansplanted orga n, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells.
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, wit
h the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperati
on among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of
lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate
mobility. In additi on, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system
can replicate. Cooperatio n is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves spe
cific cellular elements, cell pro ducts, and nonlymphoid elements.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the
a. immediate hours after conception
b. second month of gestation.
c. second trimester of gestation.
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the e
mbryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestat
ion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow.
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
ji
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets
ji ji
of th e yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replac
e the yolk sa c as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation,
the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have
made their initial appearanc
e. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth m
onth of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month,
bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
a. to reduce inflammation.
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
c. antigen recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
syst em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of inj
ury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in mo
ving to the inflamm atory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already i
n place to deal with an intr uding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and
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other tissues can be released in s evere infections.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B.
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozy
me, myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin.
3. Tertiarygranules containing substances such as caspases
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associat
ji
ed w ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba
c. allergic reactions
d. bacteria
ANS: C
ji JA ji
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The―father‖ofimmunologyisgenerallyconsideredtobe
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generallyconsidered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
2. An early form of immunization was practiced bythe
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization byinhaling dried
powd ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplifyspecific functions.
d. Both A and B.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body a
ji
gainst nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nons
ji ji
pecific effect or mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific comp
onents of the immu ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukoc
ytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recoveryfrom infectious disease.
ji
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
resis tance to infectious diseases. A deficiencyor dysfunction of the immune system can cau
se many di sorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a tr
ansplanted orga n, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells.
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, wit
h the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperati
on among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of
lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate
mobility. In additi on, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system
can replicate. Cooperatio n is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves spe
cific cellular elements, cell pro ducts, and nonlymphoid elements.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the
a. immediate hours after conception
b. second month of gestation.
c. second trimester of gestation.
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the e
mbryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestat
ion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow.
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
ji
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets
ji ji
of th e yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replac
e the yolk sa c as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation,
the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have
made their initial appearanc
e. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth m
onth of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month,
bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
a. to reduce inflammation.
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
c. antigen recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
syst em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of inj
ury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in mo
ving to the inflamm atory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already i
n place to deal with an intr uding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and
ji
other tissues can be released in s evere infections.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B.
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozy
me, myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin.
3. Tertiarygranules containing substances such as caspases
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associat
ji
ed w ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba
c. allergic reactions
d. bacteria
ANS: C
