NSG 3000
NSG-3000 Exam 2 Study Questions
with Correct Detailed Answers 2026
Genetically altered cells clone and proliferate abnormally
cell proliferation
Cell proliferation evades normal intra/extracellular processes such as ________
regulating and immune system defenses
growth
Abnormalities in cell signaling processes lead to ________ development
cancer
Ultimately ______________ occurs
metastasis
Non cancerous tumor
benign
T/F: Malignant tumors spread via blood and lymph channels to other areas of the
body.
True
Malignant transformation; three-step process:
- initiation
- promotion
- progression
carcinogenesis
NSG 3000
,NSG 3000
apoptosis
initiation
preneoplastic/benign lesions
promotion
angiogenesis
progression
________________ agent factors:
- viruses, bacteria
- lifestyle factors
- hormonal agents
- genetic, family factors
- chemical agents: tobacco, asbestos
- psychical agents: sunlight, radiation, chronic irritation
carcinogenic
Which specific agents or factors are associated with etiology of cancer?
- diet and genetic factors
- hormonal and chemical agents
- viruses, bacteria
- physical factors
- sunlight, radiation
- chronic irritation
- chemical agents
- tobacco
- asbestos
NSG 3000
,NSG 3000
- genetic and familial factors
- diet
- hormones.
Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which
factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?
Chemical agents
(think smoking, #1 cause)
- Distinguishes self from non-self
- cancer cells have surface "tumor-associated antigens"
- the immune system provides immunologic surveillance of the cells identified as
having TAAs
- T-lymphocytes release cytokines
- Natural killer cells
Role of Immune Stystem
varied immune actions ie: proliferation of cell-killing (cytotoxic) T- lymphocytes
capable of killing cancer cells
T-lymphocytes release cytokines
lyse tumor cells in direct response to the release of cytokines.
Natural killer cells (B-cell lymphocytes)
reducing the risks of disease through health promotion and risk reduction
strategies, including nutrition and exercise
Primary prevention
NSG 3000
, NSG 3000
screening and early detection activities that seek to identify precancerous lesions
and early-stage cancer in individuals who lack signs and symptoms of cancer,
including community-based screening and detection programs
Secondary prevention
efforts focus on monitoring for and preventing recurrence of the primary cancer as
well as screening for development of secondary malignancies in cancer survivors
or genetic mutations related to inherited cancer syndromes, environmental
exposures and lifestyle factors
Tertiary prevention
- wire
- stereotactic
- core needle
Types of breast biopsy
- Rare most often found ages 15-34
- 5.9/100,000 New cases in 2022
- A painless lump or swelling in either testicle.
- A change in how the testicle feels.
- A dull ache in the lower abdomen or the groin.
- A sudden build-up of fluid in the scrotum.
- Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum.
- It is best to perform this exam in the shower
Testicular cancer self exam
1.Determine presence, extent of cancer
2.Identify possible disease metastasis
NSG 3000
NSG-3000 Exam 2 Study Questions
with Correct Detailed Answers 2026
Genetically altered cells clone and proliferate abnormally
cell proliferation
Cell proliferation evades normal intra/extracellular processes such as ________
regulating and immune system defenses
growth
Abnormalities in cell signaling processes lead to ________ development
cancer
Ultimately ______________ occurs
metastasis
Non cancerous tumor
benign
T/F: Malignant tumors spread via blood and lymph channels to other areas of the
body.
True
Malignant transformation; three-step process:
- initiation
- promotion
- progression
carcinogenesis
NSG 3000
,NSG 3000
apoptosis
initiation
preneoplastic/benign lesions
promotion
angiogenesis
progression
________________ agent factors:
- viruses, bacteria
- lifestyle factors
- hormonal agents
- genetic, family factors
- chemical agents: tobacco, asbestos
- psychical agents: sunlight, radiation, chronic irritation
carcinogenic
Which specific agents or factors are associated with etiology of cancer?
- diet and genetic factors
- hormonal and chemical agents
- viruses, bacteria
- physical factors
- sunlight, radiation
- chronic irritation
- chemical agents
- tobacco
- asbestos
NSG 3000
,NSG 3000
- genetic and familial factors
- diet
- hormones.
Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which
factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?
Chemical agents
(think smoking, #1 cause)
- Distinguishes self from non-self
- cancer cells have surface "tumor-associated antigens"
- the immune system provides immunologic surveillance of the cells identified as
having TAAs
- T-lymphocytes release cytokines
- Natural killer cells
Role of Immune Stystem
varied immune actions ie: proliferation of cell-killing (cytotoxic) T- lymphocytes
capable of killing cancer cells
T-lymphocytes release cytokines
lyse tumor cells in direct response to the release of cytokines.
Natural killer cells (B-cell lymphocytes)
reducing the risks of disease through health promotion and risk reduction
strategies, including nutrition and exercise
Primary prevention
NSG 3000
, NSG 3000
screening and early detection activities that seek to identify precancerous lesions
and early-stage cancer in individuals who lack signs and symptoms of cancer,
including community-based screening and detection programs
Secondary prevention
efforts focus on monitoring for and preventing recurrence of the primary cancer as
well as screening for development of secondary malignancies in cancer survivors
or genetic mutations related to inherited cancer syndromes, environmental
exposures and lifestyle factors
Tertiary prevention
- wire
- stereotactic
- core needle
Types of breast biopsy
- Rare most often found ages 15-34
- 5.9/100,000 New cases in 2022
- A painless lump or swelling in either testicle.
- A change in how the testicle feels.
- A dull ache in the lower abdomen or the groin.
- A sudden build-up of fluid in the scrotum.
- Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum.
- It is best to perform this exam in the shower
Testicular cancer self exam
1.Determine presence, extent of cancer
2.Identify possible disease metastasis
NSG 3000
