Carb Misc – Converted: Carbohydrate Values & Reference Guide

carb misc Questions Answered


ADA cutoffs for HbA1c ≥6.5% = diabetes, 5.7-6.4% = prediabetes, <5.7% = normal


ADA Cutoffs for Prediabetes FPG 100-125, OGTT 140-199, HbA1c 5.7-6.4%


ADA Diagnostic Cutoffs for Diabetes FPG ≥126 mg/dL, Random ≥200 mg/dL (with symptoms), 2-hr OGTT ≥200
mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5%


ADA diagnostic cutoffs for diabetes - 2-hr OGTT ≥200 mg/dL


ADA diagnostic cutoffs for diabetes - FPG ≥126 mg/dL


ADA diagnostic cutoffs for diabetes - HbA1c ≥6.5%


ADA diagnostic cutoffs for diabetes - Random ≥200 mg/dL (with symptoms)
glucose


ADA treatment goal for HbA1c <7% (individualized)


ADA treatment goal for HbA1c in diabetics <7% (individualized)
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, carb misc Questions Answered

Advantage of the hexokinase method Highly specific, reference method


Alternatives to HbA1c When Unreliable Fructosamine (2-3 weeks), glycated albumin, continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM)


Anticoagulant that prevents glycolysis Sodium fluoride (inhibits enolase); best = citrate buffer + fluoride + EDTA


Anticoagulant used in grey-top tubes for glucose Sodium fluoride (inhibits glycolysis)


Calculating a dilution correction Final result = measured result × dilution factor


Carbohydrate Digestion Polysaccharides → disaccharides (amylase) → monosaccharides
(disaccharidases); absorbed via transporters in the small intestine


Carbohydrate Epimers Stereoisomers that differ in configuration at a single carbon (e.g., glucose vs.
galactose)


Causes of hyperglycemia Diabetes mellitus, Cushing's, hyperthyroidism, pancreatitis, steroid therapy



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