Immune System, Digestive System And
Respiratory System| All Answers Correct|
Verified-26
What are some of the main functions of the inflammatory Response? How is
it triggered? - Ans--Triggered when the body's tissues sustains injury from
physical trauma, heat, irritation from chemicals, or infections/viruses
Prevents the spread of damaging agents to nearby tissues
Disposes of cell debris and pathogens
Alerts the adaptive immune system
Sets the stage for repair
What is the cause of swelling and heat in the inflamed area? - Ans--Due to
increased blood flow at body core temperature to the inflamed site; swelling
is caused by accumulation of fluid
What is diapedisis? - Ans--Continued chemical signaling prompts the
neutrophils to flatten and squeeze between the endothelial cells of the
capillary walls
What is chemotaxis? - Ans--Inflammatory chemicals act as homing devices
where Neutrophils and other WBC's migrate up the gradient towards the
site of injury.
What is margination? - Ans--The phenomenon of phagocytes clinging to the
inner walls of the capillaries and post capillary venules.
What is phagocytosis? - Ans--The ingestion of bacteria or other material by
phagocytes
,How are interferon's produced? - Ans--Interferons are produced when the
virus enters the cell which invades tissue cells and takes over the cellular
metabolic machinery needed to reproduce themselves within the cells.
What's the main function of an interferon? - Ans--They interfere with viral
replication.
What are the parts of the First Line Defense? - Ans--The Skin and Mucous
Membranes
What are the parts of the Second Line of Defense? - Ans--Antimicrobial
proteins, phagocytes
Which cells kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells? - Ans--Cytotoxic
T Cells
Define Antigen - Ans--Any substance that causes an immune system to
produce antibodies against it.
How does skin and mucous membranes act as mechanical or physical
barriers? - Ans--They are the lining of all body cavities that are open to the
exterior
How does skin and mucous membranes act as chemical barriers? - Ans--
They produce a variety of different chemicals such as Acids, Enzymes,
Mucins and Defensins.
Which phagocytes are in non-specific immunity? - Ans--Macrophages,
Neutrophils and Dendritic Cells
Differentiate between Primary and Secondary Immune Response - Ans--
Primary Response: Upon initial exposure to an antigen, a primary response
occurs. After a latent period, usually lasting several days, specific
antibodies begin to appear in the blood.
Secondary Response: The next and subsequent times you encounter this
antigen, your body produces a secondary immune response. This will be
, more powerful, develop more rapidly, and require less antigens to trigger
the reaction.
Differentiate between Innate and Adaptive Immunity - Ans--Innate
Immunity: Immunity that is already present in the body. As soon as
something enters the skin, blood, or tissues, the immune system
immediately goes into attack mode. It does this by identifying certain
chemicals in the substance that tells the innate response it shouldn't be
there.
Adaptive Immunity: Created in response to exposure to a foreign
substance. When a foreign invader enters the body, the immune system
takes it in and responses by organizing cells to attach that foreign
substance every time they enter the body. The adaptive immune cells
actually have a memory and know how to fight off certain invaders.
Define Passive Immunity - Ans--Transfer of active humoral immunity in the
form of ready-made antibodies from one individual to another.
Define Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity - Ans--Antibodies given from
the mother to her child during fetal development or through breast milk after
birth.
Define Artificially acquired Passive Immunity - Ans--Short-term
immunization achieved by the transfer of antibodies, and can be
administered in several forms.
Define Active Immunity - Ans--long lasting immunity produced by the body's
own immune system and involves the production of long lasting memory
cells.
What is the physiological basis of redness with respect to inflammation? -
Ans--Caused by the dilation of small blood vessels in the area of injury.
What is the physiological basis of heat with respect to inflammation? - Ans--
Caused by increased blood flow through the area and is experienced only in
peripheral parts of the body such as the skin.
Respiratory System| All Answers Correct|
Verified-26
What are some of the main functions of the inflammatory Response? How is
it triggered? - Ans--Triggered when the body's tissues sustains injury from
physical trauma, heat, irritation from chemicals, or infections/viruses
Prevents the spread of damaging agents to nearby tissues
Disposes of cell debris and pathogens
Alerts the adaptive immune system
Sets the stage for repair
What is the cause of swelling and heat in the inflamed area? - Ans--Due to
increased blood flow at body core temperature to the inflamed site; swelling
is caused by accumulation of fluid
What is diapedisis? - Ans--Continued chemical signaling prompts the
neutrophils to flatten and squeeze between the endothelial cells of the
capillary walls
What is chemotaxis? - Ans--Inflammatory chemicals act as homing devices
where Neutrophils and other WBC's migrate up the gradient towards the
site of injury.
What is margination? - Ans--The phenomenon of phagocytes clinging to the
inner walls of the capillaries and post capillary venules.
What is phagocytosis? - Ans--The ingestion of bacteria or other material by
phagocytes
,How are interferon's produced? - Ans--Interferons are produced when the
virus enters the cell which invades tissue cells and takes over the cellular
metabolic machinery needed to reproduce themselves within the cells.
What's the main function of an interferon? - Ans--They interfere with viral
replication.
What are the parts of the First Line Defense? - Ans--The Skin and Mucous
Membranes
What are the parts of the Second Line of Defense? - Ans--Antimicrobial
proteins, phagocytes
Which cells kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells? - Ans--Cytotoxic
T Cells
Define Antigen - Ans--Any substance that causes an immune system to
produce antibodies against it.
How does skin and mucous membranes act as mechanical or physical
barriers? - Ans--They are the lining of all body cavities that are open to the
exterior
How does skin and mucous membranes act as chemical barriers? - Ans--
They produce a variety of different chemicals such as Acids, Enzymes,
Mucins and Defensins.
Which phagocytes are in non-specific immunity? - Ans--Macrophages,
Neutrophils and Dendritic Cells
Differentiate between Primary and Secondary Immune Response - Ans--
Primary Response: Upon initial exposure to an antigen, a primary response
occurs. After a latent period, usually lasting several days, specific
antibodies begin to appear in the blood.
Secondary Response: The next and subsequent times you encounter this
antigen, your body produces a secondary immune response. This will be
, more powerful, develop more rapidly, and require less antigens to trigger
the reaction.
Differentiate between Innate and Adaptive Immunity - Ans--Innate
Immunity: Immunity that is already present in the body. As soon as
something enters the skin, blood, or tissues, the immune system
immediately goes into attack mode. It does this by identifying certain
chemicals in the substance that tells the innate response it shouldn't be
there.
Adaptive Immunity: Created in response to exposure to a foreign
substance. When a foreign invader enters the body, the immune system
takes it in and responses by organizing cells to attach that foreign
substance every time they enter the body. The adaptive immune cells
actually have a memory and know how to fight off certain invaders.
Define Passive Immunity - Ans--Transfer of active humoral immunity in the
form of ready-made antibodies from one individual to another.
Define Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity - Ans--Antibodies given from
the mother to her child during fetal development or through breast milk after
birth.
Define Artificially acquired Passive Immunity - Ans--Short-term
immunization achieved by the transfer of antibodies, and can be
administered in several forms.
Define Active Immunity - Ans--long lasting immunity produced by the body's
own immune system and involves the production of long lasting memory
cells.
What is the physiological basis of redness with respect to inflammation? -
Ans--Caused by the dilation of small blood vessels in the area of injury.
What is the physiological basis of heat with respect to inflammation? - Ans--
Caused by increased blood flow through the area and is experienced only in
peripheral parts of the body such as the skin.
