Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565
Advanced Pharmacology Care of the
Fundamentals Exam | Questions and
Verified Answers (2026/ 2027 Update)-
Chamberlain
In which patient population is Metformin contraindicated in?
A. Diabetics with HA1c < 7.0%
B. Patients older than 50
C. Alcoholics
D. Women suffering from infertility
C. Alcoholics
A 45-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic for a follow-up
appointment. The healthcare provider has prescribed metformin as part of the treatment
plan. Which of the following statements regarding metformin is correct?
A. Metformin primarily stimulates insulin production from the pancreas.
B. Metformin reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.
C. Metformin is associated with a risk of hypoglycemia.
D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
Page 1 of 55
,D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
In what part of the body are SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors active?
A. Small intestine
B. Pancreas
C. Renal tubules
D. Stomach
C. Renal tubules
Which of the following statements is not true regarding sulfonylureas?
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
B. Patients should be educated about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
C. Sulfonylureas cause a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose.
D. Sulfonylureas are indicated for only patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
A 33 year old woman previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism noted have tachycardia.
Which medication should the NP add to the patients regimen?
A. atenolol
B. levothyroxine
C. lithium
D. semaglutide
A. atenolol
Page 2 of 55
,What lab value suggests metformin might be contraindicated?
A. eGFR <30
B. Crea 0.8
C. WBC 7.8
D. Bun 17
A. eGFR <30
What medication is contraindicated to treat diabetes if a patient already has a cardiac
ejection fraction rate of 40%?
A. Second Generation sulfonyureas
B. Thiazolidinediones
C. Dopamine Agonist
D. Glucosidase Inhibitor
B. Thiazolidinediones
Sabrina is a 35-year-old female who presents with complaints of fatigue, anxiety, and
palpitations. She has a long history of obesity and reports that she is happy that she has lost
23 pounds in the last 2 months. She also reports that she has trouble sleeping and her
husband complains that she is keeping the house too cold. Physical exam reveals slight
tachycardia at 104 bpm and a slightly enlarged thyroid. Thyroid testing reveals
hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or Grave's
disease?
A. Methimazole
B. Metoprolol
C. Allopurinol
D. Levothyroxine
Page 3 of 55
, A. Methimazole
Which of the following medications would be considered the first line of treatment for a
newly diagnosed Diabetic patient with adequate renal and hepatic function?
A: NovoLog Sliding Scale Insulin
B: Liraglutide (Victoza)
C: Oral Metformin
D: Glipizide
C: Oral Metformin
Of the following medications, which is most likely to cause hypoglycemia?
A. Metformin
B. Insulin
C. Incretin mimetics
D. Thiazolidinediones
B. Insulin
Which symptoms are most expected of a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?
A. shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue
B. tachycardia, insomnia, weight loss, goiter
C. irritability, anxiety, dizziness, increased sweating
D. dry pale skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
D. dry skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
Patients with an increased risk for UTIs and genital infections or an active diagnosis, should
avoid what drug class/es for treatment of Type II Diabetes?
A. Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)
B. Biguanide.
Page 4 of 55
Advanced Pharmacology Care of the
Fundamentals Exam | Questions and
Verified Answers (2026/ 2027 Update)-
Chamberlain
In which patient population is Metformin contraindicated in?
A. Diabetics with HA1c < 7.0%
B. Patients older than 50
C. Alcoholics
D. Women suffering from infertility
C. Alcoholics
A 45-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic for a follow-up
appointment. The healthcare provider has prescribed metformin as part of the treatment
plan. Which of the following statements regarding metformin is correct?
A. Metformin primarily stimulates insulin production from the pancreas.
B. Metformin reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.
C. Metformin is associated with a risk of hypoglycemia.
D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
Page 1 of 55
,D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
In what part of the body are SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors active?
A. Small intestine
B. Pancreas
C. Renal tubules
D. Stomach
C. Renal tubules
Which of the following statements is not true regarding sulfonylureas?
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
B. Patients should be educated about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
C. Sulfonylureas cause a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose.
D. Sulfonylureas are indicated for only patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
A 33 year old woman previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism noted have tachycardia.
Which medication should the NP add to the patients regimen?
A. atenolol
B. levothyroxine
C. lithium
D. semaglutide
A. atenolol
Page 2 of 55
,What lab value suggests metformin might be contraindicated?
A. eGFR <30
B. Crea 0.8
C. WBC 7.8
D. Bun 17
A. eGFR <30
What medication is contraindicated to treat diabetes if a patient already has a cardiac
ejection fraction rate of 40%?
A. Second Generation sulfonyureas
B. Thiazolidinediones
C. Dopamine Agonist
D. Glucosidase Inhibitor
B. Thiazolidinediones
Sabrina is a 35-year-old female who presents with complaints of fatigue, anxiety, and
palpitations. She has a long history of obesity and reports that she is happy that she has lost
23 pounds in the last 2 months. She also reports that she has trouble sleeping and her
husband complains that she is keeping the house too cold. Physical exam reveals slight
tachycardia at 104 bpm and a slightly enlarged thyroid. Thyroid testing reveals
hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or Grave's
disease?
A. Methimazole
B. Metoprolol
C. Allopurinol
D. Levothyroxine
Page 3 of 55
, A. Methimazole
Which of the following medications would be considered the first line of treatment for a
newly diagnosed Diabetic patient with adequate renal and hepatic function?
A: NovoLog Sliding Scale Insulin
B: Liraglutide (Victoza)
C: Oral Metformin
D: Glipizide
C: Oral Metformin
Of the following medications, which is most likely to cause hypoglycemia?
A. Metformin
B. Insulin
C. Incretin mimetics
D. Thiazolidinediones
B. Insulin
Which symptoms are most expected of a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?
A. shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue
B. tachycardia, insomnia, weight loss, goiter
C. irritability, anxiety, dizziness, increased sweating
D. dry pale skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
D. dry skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
Patients with an increased risk for UTIs and genital infections or an active diagnosis, should
avoid what drug class/es for treatment of Type II Diabetes?
A. Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)
B. Biguanide.
Page 4 of 55
