EDF 6222 EXAM 1 & 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Parsimony - Answers -look for the simplest explanation possible
What is science? - Answers -an attempt to discover order, and to display lawful
relations
Determinism - Answers -The universe is a lawful and orderly place
What does it mean to be scientifically skeptical? - Answers -that assumptions should
not be made until evidence is available
How do you reduce observer bias? - Answers -by ensuring interobserver agreement
Guidelines for gathering evidence - Answers -- reducing observer bias
- examining experimental control
-replication
- self-correction
What is behaviorism - Answers -philosophy of the science of human behavior
What does structuralism rely on? - Answers -introspection
Structuralism - Answers -the science of human behavior permits introspection to
explain the conscious mind
Methodological behaviorism - Answers -A philosophical position that views behavioral
events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science. And relied on
logical positivism
-does not consider private events -came from psychophysical parallelism
Psychophysical parallelism - Answers --mental events can cause only mental events
-physical events can cause only physical events
What did normand present? - Answers --importance of objective, empirical science
-being skeptical does not equate being cynical: withhold judgement until sufficient
evidence is presented, and examine available evidence before making a decision
Characteristics of pseudoscience - Answers --can't be proven false
-anecdotal evidence
How is science self-correcting? - Answers -through replication
What is the credo of helping professionals? - Answers -do no harm
, Explanatory fictions - Answers -socially approved ways for explaining behavior that
violates parsimony
Classical Behaviorism - Answers -S-R behavioism that does not account for
consequences or private events
Reflex - Answers -behavior controlled by external agents
Who studied conditioned reflexes - Answers -Pavlov
How did pavlov avoid mentalistic and explanatory fictions? - Answers -by controlling
conditions that allowed him to show stimuli can be conditioned
Evolutionary explanation for reflexes? - Answers -for survival of the organism
Conditioning can never fashion a _____ - Answers -novel response
Ontogeny - Answers --learned beahviors of a particular animal during its lifetime
-O = one
Phylogeny - Answers -behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the
entire species
How do you know the behavior is phylogenic? - Answers -when there is no history of
the behavior
What do genes do? - Answers --predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence
from the environment
-genes do not "cause" behavior they set up physical basis for behavior to occur
What does GMI with a mirror do? - Answers -provides additional feedback required to
receive discriminative control of the model
What did Miller et al. (2015) find? - Answers -that mirrors do facilitate acquisition of
motor imitation in children with ASD
-mirror serves as a discriminative control for the model
What did - Answers -
Where does our understanding of operant behavior originate from? - Answers -Darwin's
controversial idea that humans are not unique in their ability to think
What did Thorndike create? - Answers -Law of effect
-trial and error type of explanation
-organisms learn when behaviors are followed by pleasant things and vice versa
Parsimony - Answers -look for the simplest explanation possible
What is science? - Answers -an attempt to discover order, and to display lawful
relations
Determinism - Answers -The universe is a lawful and orderly place
What does it mean to be scientifically skeptical? - Answers -that assumptions should
not be made until evidence is available
How do you reduce observer bias? - Answers -by ensuring interobserver agreement
Guidelines for gathering evidence - Answers -- reducing observer bias
- examining experimental control
-replication
- self-correction
What is behaviorism - Answers -philosophy of the science of human behavior
What does structuralism rely on? - Answers -introspection
Structuralism - Answers -the science of human behavior permits introspection to
explain the conscious mind
Methodological behaviorism - Answers -A philosophical position that views behavioral
events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science. And relied on
logical positivism
-does not consider private events -came from psychophysical parallelism
Psychophysical parallelism - Answers --mental events can cause only mental events
-physical events can cause only physical events
What did normand present? - Answers --importance of objective, empirical science
-being skeptical does not equate being cynical: withhold judgement until sufficient
evidence is presented, and examine available evidence before making a decision
Characteristics of pseudoscience - Answers --can't be proven false
-anecdotal evidence
How is science self-correcting? - Answers -through replication
What is the credo of helping professionals? - Answers -do no harm
, Explanatory fictions - Answers -socially approved ways for explaining behavior that
violates parsimony
Classical Behaviorism - Answers -S-R behavioism that does not account for
consequences or private events
Reflex - Answers -behavior controlled by external agents
Who studied conditioned reflexes - Answers -Pavlov
How did pavlov avoid mentalistic and explanatory fictions? - Answers -by controlling
conditions that allowed him to show stimuli can be conditioned
Evolutionary explanation for reflexes? - Answers -for survival of the organism
Conditioning can never fashion a _____ - Answers -novel response
Ontogeny - Answers --learned beahviors of a particular animal during its lifetime
-O = one
Phylogeny - Answers -behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the
entire species
How do you know the behavior is phylogenic? - Answers -when there is no history of
the behavior
What do genes do? - Answers --predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence
from the environment
-genes do not "cause" behavior they set up physical basis for behavior to occur
What does GMI with a mirror do? - Answers -provides additional feedback required to
receive discriminative control of the model
What did Miller et al. (2015) find? - Answers -that mirrors do facilitate acquisition of
motor imitation in children with ASD
-mirror serves as a discriminative control for the model
What did - Answers -
Where does our understanding of operant behavior originate from? - Answers -Darwin's
controversial idea that humans are not unique in their ability to think
What did Thorndike create? - Answers -Law of effect
-trial and error type of explanation
-organisms learn when behaviors are followed by pleasant things and vice versa
