NSG 533 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ effect of neprilysin Answer: degrades BNP (ARNi can help -
LCZ696)
◉ HFpEF criteria Answer: impairment in:
- filling
- relaxation
- LA pressures
◉ myocardial remodeling HFpEF vs HFrEF Answer: HFpEF:
dysfunction is d/t comorbidities and inflammatory markers coming
in contact with the endothelium
HFrEF: dysfunction is d/t damage within the actual myocyte
◉ what can elevated BNP also be confused with? Answer: HF or
renal failure
◉ endogenous effects of BNP Answer: - lusitropic
,- antifibrotic
- anti-remodeling
- balanced vasodilation of veins/arteries
- decreases aldosterone
- decreases endothelin
- decreases norepinephrine
- increases diuresis
◉ explain dyslipidemia as a risk factor for CAD Answer: - elevated
LDL-C
- Low HDL-C
- hypertriglyceridemia
◉ function of LDL Answer: Transport cholesterol from liver to
periphery
◉ function of HDL Answer: Transport cholesterol from periphery to
liver
Participate in "reverse cholesterol transport"
, ◉ familial hypercholesterolemia Answer: Genetic disease caused by
defective LDL receptors (not enough cholesterol is removed from
circulation)
◉ modifiable risk factors associated with CAD Answer: - smoking
cessation
- HTN
- Physical inactivity
- Diabetes
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
◉ non-modifiable risk factors associated with CAD Answer: - family
hx
- advanced age (s/s present 10 years earlier in men; even out around
menopause)
- gender/sex
◉ novel risk factors associated with CAD Answer: - elevated
lipoprotein (a)
- elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein
- elevated fibrinogen
- elevated LDL particle number
EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ effect of neprilysin Answer: degrades BNP (ARNi can help -
LCZ696)
◉ HFpEF criteria Answer: impairment in:
- filling
- relaxation
- LA pressures
◉ myocardial remodeling HFpEF vs HFrEF Answer: HFpEF:
dysfunction is d/t comorbidities and inflammatory markers coming
in contact with the endothelium
HFrEF: dysfunction is d/t damage within the actual myocyte
◉ what can elevated BNP also be confused with? Answer: HF or
renal failure
◉ endogenous effects of BNP Answer: - lusitropic
,- antifibrotic
- anti-remodeling
- balanced vasodilation of veins/arteries
- decreases aldosterone
- decreases endothelin
- decreases norepinephrine
- increases diuresis
◉ explain dyslipidemia as a risk factor for CAD Answer: - elevated
LDL-C
- Low HDL-C
- hypertriglyceridemia
◉ function of LDL Answer: Transport cholesterol from liver to
periphery
◉ function of HDL Answer: Transport cholesterol from periphery to
liver
Participate in "reverse cholesterol transport"
, ◉ familial hypercholesterolemia Answer: Genetic disease caused by
defective LDL receptors (not enough cholesterol is removed from
circulation)
◉ modifiable risk factors associated with CAD Answer: - smoking
cessation
- HTN
- Physical inactivity
- Diabetes
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
◉ non-modifiable risk factors associated with CAD Answer: - family
hx
- advanced age (s/s present 10 years earlier in men; even out around
menopause)
- gender/sex
◉ novel risk factors associated with CAD Answer: - elevated
lipoprotein (a)
- elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein
- elevated fibrinogen
- elevated LDL particle number
