Galen Pharmacology Exam 3
Questions With All Correct Answers
<Verified Answers> 2025 Marking
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Furosemide (Lasix) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Loop Diuretic used for Edema.
Inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the Loop of Henle and distal renal
tubes. K, Mg, Ca may also be excreted.
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, K+,Na+, Mag+ deficit
Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Answer- Potassium Sparing Diuretic used for Edema
Acts on distal renal tubes to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium
retention.
Adverse Reactions: severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia
Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Thiazide Diuretic used
for increasing urine output and edema
Action is on the renal distule tubes, promoting Na, K, and water excretion and
decreasing preload and cardiac output; also decreases edema; acts on arterioles and
causes vasodilation, thus decreasing blood pressure
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
hypercalcemia
Mannitol (Osmitrol) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Osmotic Diuretic used for IOP ICP
and edema
Increases osmolality (concentration) and sodium reabsoprtion in the proximal tubue and
Loop of Henle.
Adverse Reactions: pulmonary edema, tachycardia from rapid shift of fluids
Mannitol can crystallize so it must be warmed to dissolve crystals before administration
Prazosin (Minipress) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Alpha Adrenergic Blocker used to
control hypertension
, Dilates peripheral blood vessels by blocking alpha adrenergic receptors.
Adverse Effects: orthostatic hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia
Nifedipine (Procardia) - Answer- Calcium Channel Blocker used for hypertension and
angina
Blocks calcium channel in the VSM (vascular smooth muscle), promoting vasodilation.
Adverse Reactions: bradycardia and AV block
Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Answer- Cardiac Selective Beta Blocker used for hypertension
Promotes blood pressure reduction via a beta1-blocking effect. Slows heart rate down
which decreases blood pressure.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, thrombocytopenia,
Life Threatening: Bronchospasm
Propranolol (Hemangeol) - Answer- Antagonist Adrenergic Blocker/Non-Selective Beta
Blocker used for hypertension, AMI, angina
Heartrate slows and bronchoconstriction occurs.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, hyperkalemia, seizures, bronchospasm
Lisinopril (Zestril) - Answer- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor used for
hypertension
Vasodilation which lowers resistance which makes it easier for heart to pump.
Adverse Reactions: hyperkalemia, angioedema, laryngeal edema
Valsartan (Diovan) - Answer- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) used for
hypertension and heart failure
Potent vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II.
Adverse Reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia
Life Threatening: Renal Dysfunction
Isoniazid (Hydra) - Answer- Antitubercular used to treat TB and as a prophylactic for TB
Questions With All Correct Answers
<Verified Answers> 2025 Marking
Scheme New Update
Furosemide (Lasix) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Loop Diuretic used for Edema.
Inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the Loop of Henle and distal renal
tubes. K, Mg, Ca may also be excreted.
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, K+,Na+, Mag+ deficit
Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Answer- Potassium Sparing Diuretic used for Edema
Acts on distal renal tubes to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium
retention.
Adverse Reactions: severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia
Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Thiazide Diuretic used
for increasing urine output and edema
Action is on the renal distule tubes, promoting Na, K, and water excretion and
decreasing preload and cardiac output; also decreases edema; acts on arterioles and
causes vasodilation, thus decreasing blood pressure
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
hypercalcemia
Mannitol (Osmitrol) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Osmotic Diuretic used for IOP ICP
and edema
Increases osmolality (concentration) and sodium reabsoprtion in the proximal tubue and
Loop of Henle.
Adverse Reactions: pulmonary edema, tachycardia from rapid shift of fluids
Mannitol can crystallize so it must be warmed to dissolve crystals before administration
Prazosin (Minipress) - Answer- Potassium Wasting Alpha Adrenergic Blocker used to
control hypertension
, Dilates peripheral blood vessels by blocking alpha adrenergic receptors.
Adverse Effects: orthostatic hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia
Nifedipine (Procardia) - Answer- Calcium Channel Blocker used for hypertension and
angina
Blocks calcium channel in the VSM (vascular smooth muscle), promoting vasodilation.
Adverse Reactions: bradycardia and AV block
Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Answer- Cardiac Selective Beta Blocker used for hypertension
Promotes blood pressure reduction via a beta1-blocking effect. Slows heart rate down
which decreases blood pressure.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, thrombocytopenia,
Life Threatening: Bronchospasm
Propranolol (Hemangeol) - Answer- Antagonist Adrenergic Blocker/Non-Selective Beta
Blocker used for hypertension, AMI, angina
Heartrate slows and bronchoconstriction occurs.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, hyperkalemia, seizures, bronchospasm
Lisinopril (Zestril) - Answer- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor used for
hypertension
Vasodilation which lowers resistance which makes it easier for heart to pump.
Adverse Reactions: hyperkalemia, angioedema, laryngeal edema
Valsartan (Diovan) - Answer- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) used for
hypertension and heart failure
Potent vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II.
Adverse Reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia
Life Threatening: Renal Dysfunction
Isoniazid (Hydra) - Answer- Antitubercular used to treat TB and as a prophylactic for TB
