BI 121 EXAM 1 GRCC (FORBES) 2026 SPRING TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
Carbohydrates
Composed of saccharide (sugars) subunits
Contain CHO (in ratio of 1:2:1)
e.g., sucrose, starch, cellulose
Lipids
Composed of fatty acid subunits
Non-polar molecule of mostly carbon and hydrogen in a 1:2 ratio
e.g., butter, fat, oils, waxes, some hormones, steriods
H2O-based chemistry
Reproduction
Cellular Structure
Chemical Uniqueness
What are features that are limited to life forms?
Atoms -> molecules -> organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems ->
organism
What are the levels of biological organization?
,Homeostasis (word for word)
A dynamic state of equilibrium in which optimal parameters of the body are maintained.
Homeostatic Set Point or Range
The point or range of a parameter at which the body functions best.
May be different between age groups and indivduals
e.g., salinity, temperature, fluids, blood sugar, vessel diameter, blood gases, insulin, blood
pH
0.9%
What is the set point of salinity?
37C; 98.6F
What is the set point for temperature?
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Movement back towards the homeostatic set point
The majority of feedback mechanisms are this
e.g., high serum, salt, and thirst; shivering, sweating brings the body back
Positive Feedback Mechanism
,Movement away from the homeostatic set point set point
e.g., clotting, lactation, uterine contractions, increased temp
Integumentary System
Body covering
F: Thermoregulation, sensory, interface with environment, vitamin D synthesis
e.g., skin, hair, nails, sebaceous (oil) gland, and sweat glands
Skeletal System
Support & Movement
F: Organ protection, muscle attachment, blood production, mineral storage
e.g., bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilages
Muscular System
Support & Movement
F: Movement, thermoregulation, posture, venous circulation
e.g., biceps
Cardiovascular System
Transport
F: Pump and transport blood, nutrients, hormones and gases, thermoregulation
e.g., heart, arteries, veins, cappilaries
, Lymphatic System
Transport
F: Interstitial fluid return, immunity, transport fatty molecules
e.g., lymphatic vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen
Digestive System
Absorption & Excretion
F: Food breakdown, absorption and elimination, H2O absorption, vitamin production
e.g., mouth, teeth, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Respiratory (Pulmonary) System
Absorption & Excretion
F: Exchange of gases between environment and blood, release toxins
e.g., nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, larynx, lungs
Urinary System
Absorption & Excretion
F: Remove Nitrogen wastes from blood, H2O and electrolyte balance, store and transport
urine
e.g., kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
SOLUTIONS
Carbohydrates
Composed of saccharide (sugars) subunits
Contain CHO (in ratio of 1:2:1)
e.g., sucrose, starch, cellulose
Lipids
Composed of fatty acid subunits
Non-polar molecule of mostly carbon and hydrogen in a 1:2 ratio
e.g., butter, fat, oils, waxes, some hormones, steriods
H2O-based chemistry
Reproduction
Cellular Structure
Chemical Uniqueness
What are features that are limited to life forms?
Atoms -> molecules -> organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems ->
organism
What are the levels of biological organization?
,Homeostasis (word for word)
A dynamic state of equilibrium in which optimal parameters of the body are maintained.
Homeostatic Set Point or Range
The point or range of a parameter at which the body functions best.
May be different between age groups and indivduals
e.g., salinity, temperature, fluids, blood sugar, vessel diameter, blood gases, insulin, blood
pH
0.9%
What is the set point of salinity?
37C; 98.6F
What is the set point for temperature?
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Movement back towards the homeostatic set point
The majority of feedback mechanisms are this
e.g., high serum, salt, and thirst; shivering, sweating brings the body back
Positive Feedback Mechanism
,Movement away from the homeostatic set point set point
e.g., clotting, lactation, uterine contractions, increased temp
Integumentary System
Body covering
F: Thermoregulation, sensory, interface with environment, vitamin D synthesis
e.g., skin, hair, nails, sebaceous (oil) gland, and sweat glands
Skeletal System
Support & Movement
F: Organ protection, muscle attachment, blood production, mineral storage
e.g., bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilages
Muscular System
Support & Movement
F: Movement, thermoregulation, posture, venous circulation
e.g., biceps
Cardiovascular System
Transport
F: Pump and transport blood, nutrients, hormones and gases, thermoregulation
e.g., heart, arteries, veins, cappilaries
, Lymphatic System
Transport
F: Interstitial fluid return, immunity, transport fatty molecules
e.g., lymphatic vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen
Digestive System
Absorption & Excretion
F: Food breakdown, absorption and elimination, H2O absorption, vitamin production
e.g., mouth, teeth, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Respiratory (Pulmonary) System
Absorption & Excretion
F: Exchange of gases between environment and blood, release toxins
e.g., nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, larynx, lungs
Urinary System
Absorption & Excretion
F: Remove Nitrogen wastes from blood, H2O and electrolyte balance, store and transport
urine
e.g., kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
