SHS 250
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED
A+
Clinical phonetics - ANSWER✔ applications of phonetics to describe speech
differences and disorders, including information about speech sounds and the
perceptual skills used in clinical settings
Phonetics - ANSWER✔ the study of speech sounds.
International Phonetic Alphabet - ANSWER✔ a set of symbols adopted by
International Phonetic Association to serve as a standardized means to represent
the sounds of all the world's spoken languages
linguistic complexity - ANSWER✔ the context in which you are listening to a
sound (isolated, in a word, in conversation, etc)
Which of the following are the auditory ossicles? - ANSWER✔ -Stapes
-Incus
-Malleus
What are the two functions of the structures of the inner ear? - ANSWER✔
Balance and translation of mechanical waves (i.e., vibration) into electrical signals
Which of the following are etiologies for pediatric hearing loss? - ANSWER✔ -
Otitis media
-Environmental noise
-Genetic syndromes
Which of the following structures make up the middle ear? - ANSWER✔ -
Tympanic Membrane
,-Malleus
-Incus
-Stapes
Which cells within the cochlea are responsible for the transduction of mechanical
vibrations into electrical signals? - ANSWER✔ Hair cells
the ridge behind the upper front teeth - ANSWER✔ alveolar ridge
palate forming the roof of the mouth - ANSWER✔ hard palate
near the back, also known as velum is the... - ANSWER✔ soft palate
movable structures that shape sounds - ANSWER✔ lips
air enters this space for nasal sounds - ANSWER✔ nasal cavity
power source - ANSWER✔ respiration
sound source - ANSWER✔ phonation
tone shaping - ANSWER✔ resonance
speech sound formation - ANSWER✔ articulation
the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish between morphemes - ANSWER✔
phoneme
the smallest unit of meaning in a language - ANSWER✔ morpheme
when a vowel becomes less distinct, shorter, and more centralized - ANSWER✔
vowel reduction
single vowel sound that involves a glide for one vowel quality to another within
the same syllable - ANSWER✔ diphthong
,when a diphthong is simplified into a single, steady vowel sound a monophthong -
ANSWER✔ monophthongization in dialects
different variations of the same phoneme that do not change the meaning of a
word - ANSWER✔ allophones
What are phonological processes? - ANSWER✔ Phonological processes are
patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech
as they learn to talk.
What is a minimal pair? - ANSWER✔ A minimal pair is a pair of words that
differ by only one phoneme, demonstrating that the two sounds are distinct
phonemes in the language.
What is free variation? - ANSWER✔ Free variation refers to the phenomenon
where two sounds can occur in the same environment without changing the
meaning of the word.
What is complementary distribution? - ANSWER✔ Complementary distribution
occurs when two sounds never appear in the same phonetic environment,
indicating they are allophones of the same phoneme.
What is a spectrogram? - ANSWER✔ A spectrogram is a visual representation of
the spectrum of frequencies in a sound as they vary with time.
What are formants? - ANSWER✔ Formants are resonant frequencies of the vocal
tract that characterize vowel sounds and are represented as dark bands in a
spectrogram.
What is fundamental frequency? - ANSWER✔ Fundamental frequency is the
lowest frequency of a periodic waveform, representing the pitch of the sound.
What does F1, F2, and F3 represent? - ANSWER✔ F1, F2, and F3 represent the
first, second, and third formants, respectively, which are crucial for identifying
vowel sounds.
, What is pitch contour? - ANSWER✔ Pitch contour refers to the variation in pitch
over time in spoken language, which can convey different meanings or emotions.
What is a voice bar? - ANSWER✔ A voice bar is a dark band in a spectrogram
that indicates the presence of voicing during a sound.
What is formant transition? - ANSWER✔ Formant transition refers to the change
in frequency of formants during the articulation of a sound, particularly during the
transition between consonants and vowels.
What are the axes of a waveform? - ANSWER✔ The axes of a waveform
represent amplitude on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.
What characterizes a stop sound in a spectrogram? - ANSWER✔ A stop sound is
characterized by a burst of energy following a period of silence in a spectrogram.
What is the significance of the 'x' marker in a spectrogram? - ANSWER✔ The 'x'
marker in a spectrogram indicates the starting point of a sound, which can be
identified as a vowel, stop, fricative, or nasal.
What is the difference between broad and narrow transcription? - ANSWER✔
Broad transcription captures the general phonetic characteristics of speech, while
narrow transcription includes more detailed phonetic information, such as
diacritics.
What is a diacritic in transcription? - ANSWER✔ A diacritic is a mark added to a
letter to indicate a modification of the sound value, such as aspiration or
nasalization.
What should you review for tricky 'r' sound symbols? - ANSWER✔ You should
review the correct transcription of words that include the 'r' sound, focusing on its
various IPA symbols.
What is the role of the vocal folds in speech production? - ANSWER✔ The vocal
folds vibrate to produce sound, and their tension and length affect the pitch and
quality of the voice.
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED
A+
Clinical phonetics - ANSWER✔ applications of phonetics to describe speech
differences and disorders, including information about speech sounds and the
perceptual skills used in clinical settings
Phonetics - ANSWER✔ the study of speech sounds.
International Phonetic Alphabet - ANSWER✔ a set of symbols adopted by
International Phonetic Association to serve as a standardized means to represent
the sounds of all the world's spoken languages
linguistic complexity - ANSWER✔ the context in which you are listening to a
sound (isolated, in a word, in conversation, etc)
Which of the following are the auditory ossicles? - ANSWER✔ -Stapes
-Incus
-Malleus
What are the two functions of the structures of the inner ear? - ANSWER✔
Balance and translation of mechanical waves (i.e., vibration) into electrical signals
Which of the following are etiologies for pediatric hearing loss? - ANSWER✔ -
Otitis media
-Environmental noise
-Genetic syndromes
Which of the following structures make up the middle ear? - ANSWER✔ -
Tympanic Membrane
,-Malleus
-Incus
-Stapes
Which cells within the cochlea are responsible for the transduction of mechanical
vibrations into electrical signals? - ANSWER✔ Hair cells
the ridge behind the upper front teeth - ANSWER✔ alveolar ridge
palate forming the roof of the mouth - ANSWER✔ hard palate
near the back, also known as velum is the... - ANSWER✔ soft palate
movable structures that shape sounds - ANSWER✔ lips
air enters this space for nasal sounds - ANSWER✔ nasal cavity
power source - ANSWER✔ respiration
sound source - ANSWER✔ phonation
tone shaping - ANSWER✔ resonance
speech sound formation - ANSWER✔ articulation
the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish between morphemes - ANSWER✔
phoneme
the smallest unit of meaning in a language - ANSWER✔ morpheme
when a vowel becomes less distinct, shorter, and more centralized - ANSWER✔
vowel reduction
single vowel sound that involves a glide for one vowel quality to another within
the same syllable - ANSWER✔ diphthong
,when a diphthong is simplified into a single, steady vowel sound a monophthong -
ANSWER✔ monophthongization in dialects
different variations of the same phoneme that do not change the meaning of a
word - ANSWER✔ allophones
What are phonological processes? - ANSWER✔ Phonological processes are
patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech
as they learn to talk.
What is a minimal pair? - ANSWER✔ A minimal pair is a pair of words that
differ by only one phoneme, demonstrating that the two sounds are distinct
phonemes in the language.
What is free variation? - ANSWER✔ Free variation refers to the phenomenon
where two sounds can occur in the same environment without changing the
meaning of the word.
What is complementary distribution? - ANSWER✔ Complementary distribution
occurs when two sounds never appear in the same phonetic environment,
indicating they are allophones of the same phoneme.
What is a spectrogram? - ANSWER✔ A spectrogram is a visual representation of
the spectrum of frequencies in a sound as they vary with time.
What are formants? - ANSWER✔ Formants are resonant frequencies of the vocal
tract that characterize vowel sounds and are represented as dark bands in a
spectrogram.
What is fundamental frequency? - ANSWER✔ Fundamental frequency is the
lowest frequency of a periodic waveform, representing the pitch of the sound.
What does F1, F2, and F3 represent? - ANSWER✔ F1, F2, and F3 represent the
first, second, and third formants, respectively, which are crucial for identifying
vowel sounds.
, What is pitch contour? - ANSWER✔ Pitch contour refers to the variation in pitch
over time in spoken language, which can convey different meanings or emotions.
What is a voice bar? - ANSWER✔ A voice bar is a dark band in a spectrogram
that indicates the presence of voicing during a sound.
What is formant transition? - ANSWER✔ Formant transition refers to the change
in frequency of formants during the articulation of a sound, particularly during the
transition between consonants and vowels.
What are the axes of a waveform? - ANSWER✔ The axes of a waveform
represent amplitude on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.
What characterizes a stop sound in a spectrogram? - ANSWER✔ A stop sound is
characterized by a burst of energy following a period of silence in a spectrogram.
What is the significance of the 'x' marker in a spectrogram? - ANSWER✔ The 'x'
marker in a spectrogram indicates the starting point of a sound, which can be
identified as a vowel, stop, fricative, or nasal.
What is the difference between broad and narrow transcription? - ANSWER✔
Broad transcription captures the general phonetic characteristics of speech, while
narrow transcription includes more detailed phonetic information, such as
diacritics.
What is a diacritic in transcription? - ANSWER✔ A diacritic is a mark added to a
letter to indicate a modification of the sound value, such as aspiration or
nasalization.
What should you review for tricky 'r' sound symbols? - ANSWER✔ You should
review the correct transcription of words that include the 'r' sound, focusing on its
various IPA symbols.
What is the role of the vocal folds in speech production? - ANSWER✔ The vocal
folds vibrate to produce sound, and their tension and length affect the pitch and
quality of the voice.
