Pharmacology Final 2005 Questions With Complete
Solutions
5-Alpha reductase inhibitors Correct Answers - treats BPH
(prostate enlargement)
- improves symptoms, increases urinary flow rate, prevents BPH
outcomes by reducing prostate enlargement through hormonal
mechanisms
5-HT3 receptor blockers action Correct Answers - basically
serotonin
- blocks receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in
chemoreceptor trigger zone, and locally
- controls nausea and vomiting
- examples: ondansetron (zofran), used for cancer patients
before chemotherapy due to nausea effects and vomiting
abortifaceints Correct Answers - stimulate uterine activity,
dislodges any implanted trophoblast and prevents implantation
of fertilized egg
- used for termination of pregnancy at 12-20 weeks
- example: carboprost tromethamine (debate), dinoprostone
(prepidil), mifepristone/misoprostol (mifegymiso)
acromegaly Correct Answers - occurs when there's too much
secretion of growth hormone
adjunctive agents action Correct Answers - used in combination
with carbidopa-levodopa, usually reserved for use when the pt
stops responding adequately to traditional therapy
,- examples: entacapone (Comtan), tolcapone (Tasmar),
selegiline (carbex, eldepryl)
adrenocortex Correct Answers - secretes norepinephrine,
epinephrine, sex hormones, and cortisol
- cortisol is an anti-inflammatory agent and a stress hormone
(increases BP, vasoconstrictor)
agents for herpes virus and cytomegalovirus action Correct
Answers - inhibits viral cell replication
- treats conditions caused by herpes virus and CMV
- examples: acyclovir (Zovirax), foscarnet (Foscavir),
ganciclovir (Cytovene), valganciclovir (Valcyte)
- adverse reactions: cidofovir associated with severe renal
toxicity and granulocytopenia
ganciclovir and valganciclovir are associated with bone marrow
suppression
foscarnet has been associated with seizures, especially in
patients with electrolyte imbalance
agents for herpes virus and cytomegalovirus nursing
responsibilities Correct Answers - assess labs: renal function
test
- exam skin
- monitor renal function
- pt teaching: avoid sexual intercourse, can cause genital herpes
agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses actions Correct
Answers - treats respiratory flu
,- examples: amantadine (Symmetrel), oseltamivir (Tamiflu),
peramivir (Rapivab), ribavirin (Rebetron, Virazole), rimantadine
(Flumadine), zanarnivir (Relenza)
- adverse effects: light headedness, dizziness, insomnia, nausea,
dyspnea, orthostatic hypotension, depression
agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses nursing
responsibilities Correct Answers - assess urinary output, renal
and hepatic function tests
- pt teaching about using all medication
agents for megaloblastic anemias nursing responsibilities
Correct Answers - monitor labs: CBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin,
iron levels
- monitor adverse effects (nasal irritation, pain at injection site,
nausea)
agents used for iron deficiency anemia action Correct Answers -
elevate serum iron concentration
- treats iron deficiency anemia
- examples: ferrous fumarate (festal), ferrous gluconate
(Fergon), ferrous sulfate (feosol), iron dextran (infed) ferr~
agents used for iron deficiency anemia nursing responsibilities
Correct Answers - assess labs: CBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin,
serum ferritin assays
- monitor therapeutic response (hemoglobin and hematocrit
levels)
- patient teaching, administer with food
, alpha 1 blockers action Correct Answers - ones with BPH must
take before bed, only hypertension take in the morning
- blocks postsynaptic alpha1-receptor sites causing decrease in
vascular tone and vasodilation
- blocks smooth muscle receptors in prostate, prostatic urethra
leading to relaxation of bladder and prostate
- used to treat mild to moderate hypertension and BPH
- examples: prazosin (Minipress), tamsulosin (Flomax, treats
BPH), doxazosin (Cardura), terazosin (hytrin)
alpha 1 blockers nursing responsibilities Correct Answers -
assess abdomen and bowel sounds, lab tests for renal and
hepatic function, lytes
- monitor therapeutic response (lowering of BP, improved urine
flow with BPH)
- monitor bp, heart rate and rhythm, urine output
- monitor adverse effects: hypotension, arrhythmias, CNS
effects
alpha blockers action Correct Answers - treats BPH (prostate
enlargement)
- improve symptoms and increase urinary flow rate by relaxing
prostatic and bladder-neck smooth muscle through sympathetic
activity blockage
alpha-glucosidase action Correct Answers - inhibits alpha-
glucosidase, an enzyme that breaks down glucose for absorption
- used to treat type 2 diabetes
- examples: acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset)
Solutions
5-Alpha reductase inhibitors Correct Answers - treats BPH
(prostate enlargement)
- improves symptoms, increases urinary flow rate, prevents BPH
outcomes by reducing prostate enlargement through hormonal
mechanisms
5-HT3 receptor blockers action Correct Answers - basically
serotonin
- blocks receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in
chemoreceptor trigger zone, and locally
- controls nausea and vomiting
- examples: ondansetron (zofran), used for cancer patients
before chemotherapy due to nausea effects and vomiting
abortifaceints Correct Answers - stimulate uterine activity,
dislodges any implanted trophoblast and prevents implantation
of fertilized egg
- used for termination of pregnancy at 12-20 weeks
- example: carboprost tromethamine (debate), dinoprostone
(prepidil), mifepristone/misoprostol (mifegymiso)
acromegaly Correct Answers - occurs when there's too much
secretion of growth hormone
adjunctive agents action Correct Answers - used in combination
with carbidopa-levodopa, usually reserved for use when the pt
stops responding adequately to traditional therapy
,- examples: entacapone (Comtan), tolcapone (Tasmar),
selegiline (carbex, eldepryl)
adrenocortex Correct Answers - secretes norepinephrine,
epinephrine, sex hormones, and cortisol
- cortisol is an anti-inflammatory agent and a stress hormone
(increases BP, vasoconstrictor)
agents for herpes virus and cytomegalovirus action Correct
Answers - inhibits viral cell replication
- treats conditions caused by herpes virus and CMV
- examples: acyclovir (Zovirax), foscarnet (Foscavir),
ganciclovir (Cytovene), valganciclovir (Valcyte)
- adverse reactions: cidofovir associated with severe renal
toxicity and granulocytopenia
ganciclovir and valganciclovir are associated with bone marrow
suppression
foscarnet has been associated with seizures, especially in
patients with electrolyte imbalance
agents for herpes virus and cytomegalovirus nursing
responsibilities Correct Answers - assess labs: renal function
test
- exam skin
- monitor renal function
- pt teaching: avoid sexual intercourse, can cause genital herpes
agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses actions Correct
Answers - treats respiratory flu
,- examples: amantadine (Symmetrel), oseltamivir (Tamiflu),
peramivir (Rapivab), ribavirin (Rebetron, Virazole), rimantadine
(Flumadine), zanarnivir (Relenza)
- adverse effects: light headedness, dizziness, insomnia, nausea,
dyspnea, orthostatic hypotension, depression
agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses nursing
responsibilities Correct Answers - assess urinary output, renal
and hepatic function tests
- pt teaching about using all medication
agents for megaloblastic anemias nursing responsibilities
Correct Answers - monitor labs: CBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin,
iron levels
- monitor adverse effects (nasal irritation, pain at injection site,
nausea)
agents used for iron deficiency anemia action Correct Answers -
elevate serum iron concentration
- treats iron deficiency anemia
- examples: ferrous fumarate (festal), ferrous gluconate
(Fergon), ferrous sulfate (feosol), iron dextran (infed) ferr~
agents used for iron deficiency anemia nursing responsibilities
Correct Answers - assess labs: CBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin,
serum ferritin assays
- monitor therapeutic response (hemoglobin and hematocrit
levels)
- patient teaching, administer with food
, alpha 1 blockers action Correct Answers - ones with BPH must
take before bed, only hypertension take in the morning
- blocks postsynaptic alpha1-receptor sites causing decrease in
vascular tone and vasodilation
- blocks smooth muscle receptors in prostate, prostatic urethra
leading to relaxation of bladder and prostate
- used to treat mild to moderate hypertension and BPH
- examples: prazosin (Minipress), tamsulosin (Flomax, treats
BPH), doxazosin (Cardura), terazosin (hytrin)
alpha 1 blockers nursing responsibilities Correct Answers -
assess abdomen and bowel sounds, lab tests for renal and
hepatic function, lytes
- monitor therapeutic response (lowering of BP, improved urine
flow with BPH)
- monitor bp, heart rate and rhythm, urine output
- monitor adverse effects: hypotension, arrhythmias, CNS
effects
alpha blockers action Correct Answers - treats BPH (prostate
enlargement)
- improve symptoms and increase urinary flow rate by relaxing
prostatic and bladder-neck smooth muscle through sympathetic
activity blockage
alpha-glucosidase action Correct Answers - inhibits alpha-
glucosidase, an enzyme that breaks down glucose for absorption
- used to treat type 2 diabetes
- examples: acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset)
