PSC 464 Exam 1 Questions and Answers| New Update with 100% Correct Answers
What are the factors that influence life expectancy?
The Great Divide 1912
for the first time in history, a random patient with a random disease consulting a doctor chosen
at random stood better than a 505-50 chance of benefiting from the encounter
doctors started getting there crap together
National Health Insurance 1912-1919
Former President Theodore Roosevelt leaves Republican party and runs for president as the
progressive (or Bull Moose) Party candidate
promoted national health insurance in campaign
19:15: model national health insurance bill introduced in 14 states
Medical societies denounced as "socialist", "Germanic", and "un-American"
Doctors and life insurance companies led fight against and defeated it
first time national health insurance was promoted
doctors thought that this was socialist and germanic
The Origins of Private Health Insurance 1 1921-1929
,Metropolitan and Prudential began selling health insurance in early 1920's
Mid-1920's first employer plan with General Motors
Blue Cross (untaxed, nonprofit) began selling hospital insurance plan in late 1920's
The Social Security Act 1935
Originally was going to include "Old Age Insurance"
Numerous telegraph's to President and Congress protesting
FDR mindful of what happened in 1919
Final bill calls only for "further study" of the issue
old age insurance
President and Congress Protest
"further study"
National Health Insurance 2 1944-1948
1944: FDR requests report on national health insurance
,1945: FDR dies
President Truman recieved report and in special address to Congress, recommends
comprehensive national health insurance-fails
The Hospital Construction Act (Hill Burton) 1946
Hospital industry idea: leave medicine and doctors alone; focus on building hospital
infrastructure
Public health service provided 347 hospitals in 42 states within 2 years
small town hospitals- hard to get doctors to live in small towns
National Health Insurance 3 1948
Truman wins in 1948, democratic majority in both houses in congress; national health insurance
on agenda
AMA denounces "the final irrevocable step to socialism", taxes every member $25, launches
public campaign against it
AMA wins battle - no national health insurance
The Rise of Employee Health Insurance 1946-1957
WW11: corporations taxed on "excess profits"; employer contributions to health and pension
funds not taxed
, companies, with union urging, set up health plans
1946: 1 million workers insured by employer
1954: President Eisenhower asks Congress to pass law explicitly exempting employee health
benefits from taxation
1957: 12 million workers and 20 million dependents insured by employer (about 60% of
workforce)
This fundamentally changed the debate - why support national health insurance?
Who is excluded from employer-based health insurance?
Operation Coffee Cup-Ronald Raegan
Medicare 1965
Post-Kennedy assassination, huge Dem gains in 1964. Medicare proposed....
AMA sees to lose on Medicare, so changes tactic and suggests Medicaid in its place - congress
ends up adopting both
first bill introduced in 1957
lacks dental coverage, some advantage plans might include it
Parts A and B financed through payroll taxes and premiums
What are the factors that influence life expectancy?
The Great Divide 1912
for the first time in history, a random patient with a random disease consulting a doctor chosen
at random stood better than a 505-50 chance of benefiting from the encounter
doctors started getting there crap together
National Health Insurance 1912-1919
Former President Theodore Roosevelt leaves Republican party and runs for president as the
progressive (or Bull Moose) Party candidate
promoted national health insurance in campaign
19:15: model national health insurance bill introduced in 14 states
Medical societies denounced as "socialist", "Germanic", and "un-American"
Doctors and life insurance companies led fight against and defeated it
first time national health insurance was promoted
doctors thought that this was socialist and germanic
The Origins of Private Health Insurance 1 1921-1929
,Metropolitan and Prudential began selling health insurance in early 1920's
Mid-1920's first employer plan with General Motors
Blue Cross (untaxed, nonprofit) began selling hospital insurance plan in late 1920's
The Social Security Act 1935
Originally was going to include "Old Age Insurance"
Numerous telegraph's to President and Congress protesting
FDR mindful of what happened in 1919
Final bill calls only for "further study" of the issue
old age insurance
President and Congress Protest
"further study"
National Health Insurance 2 1944-1948
1944: FDR requests report on national health insurance
,1945: FDR dies
President Truman recieved report and in special address to Congress, recommends
comprehensive national health insurance-fails
The Hospital Construction Act (Hill Burton) 1946
Hospital industry idea: leave medicine and doctors alone; focus on building hospital
infrastructure
Public health service provided 347 hospitals in 42 states within 2 years
small town hospitals- hard to get doctors to live in small towns
National Health Insurance 3 1948
Truman wins in 1948, democratic majority in both houses in congress; national health insurance
on agenda
AMA denounces "the final irrevocable step to socialism", taxes every member $25, launches
public campaign against it
AMA wins battle - no national health insurance
The Rise of Employee Health Insurance 1946-1957
WW11: corporations taxed on "excess profits"; employer contributions to health and pension
funds not taxed
, companies, with union urging, set up health plans
1946: 1 million workers insured by employer
1954: President Eisenhower asks Congress to pass law explicitly exempting employee health
benefits from taxation
1957: 12 million workers and 20 million dependents insured by employer (about 60% of
workforce)
This fundamentally changed the debate - why support national health insurance?
Who is excluded from employer-based health insurance?
Operation Coffee Cup-Ronald Raegan
Medicare 1965
Post-Kennedy assassination, huge Dem gains in 1964. Medicare proposed....
AMA sees to lose on Medicare, so changes tactic and suggests Medicaid in its place - congress
ends up adopting both
first bill introduced in 1957
lacks dental coverage, some advantage plans might include it
Parts A and B financed through payroll taxes and premiums
