psych 464 midterm Exam Questions and Answers| New Update with 100% Correct Answers
Describe the field of life-span development. Scientific approach to questions about growth,
change, and stability in the physical, cognitive, social, and personality characteristics.
What are the major features of life span perspective Multiple contexts, Collaborative
relationships, Scientific, and Change
Normative age-graded Influences are universal for persons within a particular age range
EX: puberty for adolescent
Normative history graded Influences common to people of a particular generation
EX: baby boomers experiencing association of JFK
non-normative influences Influences that are specific to an individual
EX: death of parent for a young child
independent variable The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect
is being studied.
dependent variable The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
treatment variables factors researchers change/manipulate to a change in outcome
subject variable interested in the independent variable, but cannot be manipulated
internal validity it is whether independent is related to the dependent variable
, selection bias draw participants from settings that aren't equivalent
history events outside the experiments, but occurs during the study and affects responses
maturation changes in participants over time affect the results of a study
testing effects using the same measures so participants copy responses
selective dropout study people overtime, people dropout
reactivity unattended changes in result of participation in study
external validity the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other
situations and to other people
sample A relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be
representative of the whole.
setting environment of setting
threats to external validity researcher and sample. with researcher its whether results are
specific to a research team. with sample, its whether your results generalize to a wider group
random sampling a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an
equal chance of inclusion
stratified random sampling resample people, stratify different demographics
Describe the field of life-span development. Scientific approach to questions about growth,
change, and stability in the physical, cognitive, social, and personality characteristics.
What are the major features of life span perspective Multiple contexts, Collaborative
relationships, Scientific, and Change
Normative age-graded Influences are universal for persons within a particular age range
EX: puberty for adolescent
Normative history graded Influences common to people of a particular generation
EX: baby boomers experiencing association of JFK
non-normative influences Influences that are specific to an individual
EX: death of parent for a young child
independent variable The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect
is being studied.
dependent variable The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
treatment variables factors researchers change/manipulate to a change in outcome
subject variable interested in the independent variable, but cannot be manipulated
internal validity it is whether independent is related to the dependent variable
, selection bias draw participants from settings that aren't equivalent
history events outside the experiments, but occurs during the study and affects responses
maturation changes in participants over time affect the results of a study
testing effects using the same measures so participants copy responses
selective dropout study people overtime, people dropout
reactivity unattended changes in result of participation in study
external validity the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other
situations and to other people
sample A relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be
representative of the whole.
setting environment of setting
threats to external validity researcher and sample. with researcher its whether results are
specific to a research team. with sample, its whether your results generalize to a wider group
random sampling a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an
equal chance of inclusion
stratified random sampling resample people, stratify different demographics
