COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Population. Answer: Large group (e.g., elderly population).
◉ Aggregate. Answer: Loosely connected group (e.g., crowd at
concert).
◉ Public Health. Answer: Society-wide efforts to create healthy
conditions.
◉ Public Health Nursing. Answer: Focuses on populations, not just
individuals.
◉ Geographic Community. Answer: Based on location (e.g., small
town).
◉ Common Interest Community. Answer: Shared interest/goal (e.g.,
book club).
◉ Community of Solution. Answer: Group formed to solve an issue
(e.g., environmental activists).
,◉ Acute Care. Answer: Hospital setting, individual treatment.
◉ Primary Prevention. Answer: Prevent disease before it occurs
(e.g., vaccinations).
◉ Secondary Prevention. Answer: Early detection and treatment,
screenings (e.g., mammograms).
◉ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Managing existing disease (e.g.,
stroke rehab).
◉ Characteristics of Community Health Nursing. Answer: Focus on
population, equal partnerships with clients, disease prevention,
improving conditions, outreach, efficient resource usage,
collaboration, aim to benefit greatest amount of people.
◉ Assessment. Answer: Collect/analyze health info (e.g., surveys).
◉ Policy Development. Answer: Create strategies based on data (e.g.,
implement smoking bans in public places).
◉ Assurance. Answer: Make sure health services are available and
accessible.
,◉ Roles of Public Health Nurse. Answer: Clinician, Educator,
Advocate, Manager, Collaborator, Leader, Researcher.
◉ Essential Services of Public Health. Answer: Health monitoring,
investigation, education, community mobilization, policy
development, enforcement of policies/rules/laws, linking people to
services, assuring competence in workforce, evaluating health
services, researching for new solutions to problems.
◉ Culture. Answer: Shared beliefs, values, behavior patterns.
◉ Cultural Diversity. Answer: Presence of multiple cultures;
significant in public health nursing.
◉ Ethnocentrism. Answer: Believing your culture is superior; bad
for nursing practice.
◉ Characteristics of Culture. Answer: Learned, Integrated, Shared,
Mostly Unspoken, Dynamic.
◉ Principles of Transcultural Nursing. Answer: Avoid ethnocentric
attitudes, bridge cultural differences, develop knowledge and skills
in serving multicultural clients, respect culturally based family roles,
, use culturally sensitive language, provide teaching materials in the
client's primary language.
◉ Infectious Disease. Answer: Caused by bacteria/viruses.
◉ Communicable Disease. Answer: Spreads person to person.
◉ At-Risk Populations. Answer: Children, elderly,
immunocompromised, healthcare workers, travelers.
◉ Transmission Modes. Answer: Direct, Indirect, Vector, Airborne,
Food/Waterborne.
◉ Levels of Prevention for Communicable Diseases. Answer:
Primary: Vaccines, hygiene education; Secondary: Screening,
investigation; Tertiary: Isolation, quarantine, waste control.
◉ Infection Control. Answer: Handwashing, PPE use, community
sanitation, vaccination, antimicrobial meds, safe handling of
equipment, control of pests.
◉ Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Answer: A.k.a secondhand smoke;
it comes from burning tobacco products and can harm the health of
non-smokers, especially children; major source of indoor pollution.
FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Population. Answer: Large group (e.g., elderly population).
◉ Aggregate. Answer: Loosely connected group (e.g., crowd at
concert).
◉ Public Health. Answer: Society-wide efforts to create healthy
conditions.
◉ Public Health Nursing. Answer: Focuses on populations, not just
individuals.
◉ Geographic Community. Answer: Based on location (e.g., small
town).
◉ Common Interest Community. Answer: Shared interest/goal (e.g.,
book club).
◉ Community of Solution. Answer: Group formed to solve an issue
(e.g., environmental activists).
,◉ Acute Care. Answer: Hospital setting, individual treatment.
◉ Primary Prevention. Answer: Prevent disease before it occurs
(e.g., vaccinations).
◉ Secondary Prevention. Answer: Early detection and treatment,
screenings (e.g., mammograms).
◉ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Managing existing disease (e.g.,
stroke rehab).
◉ Characteristics of Community Health Nursing. Answer: Focus on
population, equal partnerships with clients, disease prevention,
improving conditions, outreach, efficient resource usage,
collaboration, aim to benefit greatest amount of people.
◉ Assessment. Answer: Collect/analyze health info (e.g., surveys).
◉ Policy Development. Answer: Create strategies based on data (e.g.,
implement smoking bans in public places).
◉ Assurance. Answer: Make sure health services are available and
accessible.
,◉ Roles of Public Health Nurse. Answer: Clinician, Educator,
Advocate, Manager, Collaborator, Leader, Researcher.
◉ Essential Services of Public Health. Answer: Health monitoring,
investigation, education, community mobilization, policy
development, enforcement of policies/rules/laws, linking people to
services, assuring competence in workforce, evaluating health
services, researching for new solutions to problems.
◉ Culture. Answer: Shared beliefs, values, behavior patterns.
◉ Cultural Diversity. Answer: Presence of multiple cultures;
significant in public health nursing.
◉ Ethnocentrism. Answer: Believing your culture is superior; bad
for nursing practice.
◉ Characteristics of Culture. Answer: Learned, Integrated, Shared,
Mostly Unspoken, Dynamic.
◉ Principles of Transcultural Nursing. Answer: Avoid ethnocentric
attitudes, bridge cultural differences, develop knowledge and skills
in serving multicultural clients, respect culturally based family roles,
, use culturally sensitive language, provide teaching materials in the
client's primary language.
◉ Infectious Disease. Answer: Caused by bacteria/viruses.
◉ Communicable Disease. Answer: Spreads person to person.
◉ At-Risk Populations. Answer: Children, elderly,
immunocompromised, healthcare workers, travelers.
◉ Transmission Modes. Answer: Direct, Indirect, Vector, Airborne,
Food/Waterborne.
◉ Levels of Prevention for Communicable Diseases. Answer:
Primary: Vaccines, hygiene education; Secondary: Screening,
investigation; Tertiary: Isolation, quarantine, waste control.
◉ Infection Control. Answer: Handwashing, PPE use, community
sanitation, vaccination, antimicrobial meds, safe handling of
equipment, control of pests.
◉ Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Answer: A.k.a secondhand smoke;
it comes from burning tobacco products and can harm the health of
non-smokers, especially children; major source of indoor pollution.
