NUR 612 UPDATED STUDY EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔RNA structure and function - ✔✔RNA is single-stranded
✔✔Thalamus- sensory and motor function - ✔✔stimulus discrimination, tactile
sensations, thermal sensation, position sensation
✔✔Reflex Arc - ✔✔response between a stimulus and an elicited motor response;
protective mechanism that helps prevent injury
✔✔PNS localized injury - ✔✔
✔✔3 Functions of Basal Ganglia - ✔✔1. Control of movement
2. Intensity of movement
3. Some coordination
✔✔Function of Thalamus in Sleep-Wake Cycle - ✔✔thalamocortical loops
✔✔2 Main Divisions of Nervous System - ✔✔central (brain and spinal cord)
peripheral (everythng else)
✔✔Sympathetic NS location & functions - ✔✔Location: thoracolumbar level of the spinal
cord
Function: fight or flight
✔✔Parasympathetic NS location & functions - ✔✔Location: cervical and sacral levels of
the spinal cord
Function: rest and digest
✔✔Sympathetic stimulation physiologic response - ✔✔increased heart rate, sweating,
increased blood pressure, blood flow shunts from skin and gut to muscles and brain,
increased blood sugar, bronchioles and pupils dilate
✔✔Parasympathetic stimulation physiologic response - ✔✔slows heart rate, stimulates
GI function and related glandular secretion to promote digestion and assist in nutrition
✔✔Nicotinic receptors - ✔✔found in autonomic ganglia and the end plated of skeletal
muscle
✔✔Muscarinic receptors - ✔✔associated with post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers
and sweat glands
, ✔✔Alpha adrenergic receptors - ✔✔have excitatory effects (a1 in post synaptic sites in
smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction; a2 in presynaptic and inhibit release of
norepinephrine, found abundantly in CNS)
✔✔Beta adrenergic receptors - ✔✔have inhibitory effects
(b1 in heart, increases heart rate and contractility; b2 in bronchioles, causes relaxation
of smooth muscle to open the airways)
✔✔Etiology - ✔✔explains the cause of the disease (biologic agents, physical forces,
congenital, acquired, chemical agents, genetics)
✔✔Pathogenesis - ✔✔how the disease process evolves
✔✔Morphologic changes - ✔✔the microscopic and gross changes that are
characteristic in a disease process
✔✔Histology - ✔✔microscopic study of cells and extracellular matrix
✔✔Lesion - ✔✔a pathologic or traumatic change of an organ or tissue
✔✔Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔evidence a person is sick
✔✔Symptoms - ✔✔subjective complaints noted by the patient (pain, headache, blurred
vision)
✔✔Signs - ✔✔objective manifestations noted by the observer/ physician (temperature
elevation, pitting edema)
✔✔Syndrome - ✔✔a compilation of signs and symptoms
✔✔Complication - ✔✔adverse extension of disease or outcomes *from treatment*
✔✔Sequelae - ✔✔lesions or impairments that follow or are cause by a disease
✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔responsible for converting information in DNA into
proteins
✔✔Ribosomes - ✔✔structures on the outside of the ER, responsible for converting RNA
(copies of DNA sequences) into proteins
✔✔Rough ER - ✔✔has ribosomes on its surface and is responsible for making proteins
✔✔Smooth ER - ✔✔does not have ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of lipids,
including steroid hormones
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔RNA structure and function - ✔✔RNA is single-stranded
✔✔Thalamus- sensory and motor function - ✔✔stimulus discrimination, tactile
sensations, thermal sensation, position sensation
✔✔Reflex Arc - ✔✔response between a stimulus and an elicited motor response;
protective mechanism that helps prevent injury
✔✔PNS localized injury - ✔✔
✔✔3 Functions of Basal Ganglia - ✔✔1. Control of movement
2. Intensity of movement
3. Some coordination
✔✔Function of Thalamus in Sleep-Wake Cycle - ✔✔thalamocortical loops
✔✔2 Main Divisions of Nervous System - ✔✔central (brain and spinal cord)
peripheral (everythng else)
✔✔Sympathetic NS location & functions - ✔✔Location: thoracolumbar level of the spinal
cord
Function: fight or flight
✔✔Parasympathetic NS location & functions - ✔✔Location: cervical and sacral levels of
the spinal cord
Function: rest and digest
✔✔Sympathetic stimulation physiologic response - ✔✔increased heart rate, sweating,
increased blood pressure, blood flow shunts from skin and gut to muscles and brain,
increased blood sugar, bronchioles and pupils dilate
✔✔Parasympathetic stimulation physiologic response - ✔✔slows heart rate, stimulates
GI function and related glandular secretion to promote digestion and assist in nutrition
✔✔Nicotinic receptors - ✔✔found in autonomic ganglia and the end plated of skeletal
muscle
✔✔Muscarinic receptors - ✔✔associated with post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers
and sweat glands
, ✔✔Alpha adrenergic receptors - ✔✔have excitatory effects (a1 in post synaptic sites in
smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction; a2 in presynaptic and inhibit release of
norepinephrine, found abundantly in CNS)
✔✔Beta adrenergic receptors - ✔✔have inhibitory effects
(b1 in heart, increases heart rate and contractility; b2 in bronchioles, causes relaxation
of smooth muscle to open the airways)
✔✔Etiology - ✔✔explains the cause of the disease (biologic agents, physical forces,
congenital, acquired, chemical agents, genetics)
✔✔Pathogenesis - ✔✔how the disease process evolves
✔✔Morphologic changes - ✔✔the microscopic and gross changes that are
characteristic in a disease process
✔✔Histology - ✔✔microscopic study of cells and extracellular matrix
✔✔Lesion - ✔✔a pathologic or traumatic change of an organ or tissue
✔✔Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔evidence a person is sick
✔✔Symptoms - ✔✔subjective complaints noted by the patient (pain, headache, blurred
vision)
✔✔Signs - ✔✔objective manifestations noted by the observer/ physician (temperature
elevation, pitting edema)
✔✔Syndrome - ✔✔a compilation of signs and symptoms
✔✔Complication - ✔✔adverse extension of disease or outcomes *from treatment*
✔✔Sequelae - ✔✔lesions or impairments that follow or are cause by a disease
✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔responsible for converting information in DNA into
proteins
✔✔Ribosomes - ✔✔structures on the outside of the ER, responsible for converting RNA
(copies of DNA sequences) into proteins
✔✔Rough ER - ✔✔has ribosomes on its surface and is responsible for making proteins
✔✔Smooth ER - ✔✔does not have ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of lipids,
including steroid hormones
