BIOD 101 TEST 2026/2027 PAPERS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔What are EXOTOXINS? Give an example. - ✔✔A toxin that is secreted by a
bacterial cell into its surroundings; An example of an Exotoxin is the toxins that are
secreted by cholera.
✔✔What are ENDOTOXINS? Give an example. - ✔✔Endotoxins are toxins that are
present inside the bacteria and are only released upon the death of the bacterial cell
when the cell wall begins to decompose; an example of an endotoxin are the toxins
observed within salmonella.
✔✔Bacteria that causes illness are called what? - ✔✔Pathogenic Bacteria
✔✔What are DECOMPOSERS? - ✔✔Organisms that break down dead and dying
organic matter and releases vital elements into the environment.
✔✔What are SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS? - ✔✔A relationship between two
organisms in which one or both organisms benefit from the interaction; symbiotic
relationships may be mutualistic, communalistic, or parasitic.
✔✔Describe a MUTUALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. -
✔✔Mutualism refers to a relationship where there is a mutual benefit to both organisms;
an example is non-pathogenic E. Coli - this non-pathogenic bacteria protects its host
from pathogenic bacteria, and in return it obtains adequate nutrients from its host.
✔✔Describe a COMMUNALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. -
✔✔Communalism occurs when only one of the organisms in the symbiotic relationship
benefits while the other is unharmed or unaffected; an example is the bacteria that lives
on the surface of human skin - the bacteria benefits by metabolizing oils and dead skin
cells, and the human remains unharmed and unaffected.
✔✔Describe a PARASITIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ✔✔Parasitism
occurs when the symbiont harms the host while receiving a benefit; an example is Strep
A ('strep throat').
✔✔What are the four main kingdoms of eukaryotes? - ✔✔- Fungi
- Protista
- Plantae
- Animalia
✔✔What are some examples of FUNGI? - ✔✔Yeasts, molds, rusts, mildews, and
mushrooms.
, ✔✔What is BINARY FISSION? - ✔✔A form of asexual reproduction where the parent
body splits in half, resulting in two daughter organisms.
✔✔List some examples of PROTISTA. - ✔✔Single-cell amoeba, algae (ex: euglena),
slime molds, daphnia, and plasmodium.
✔✔What is THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS? - ✔✔Matter cannot be created
or destroyed, rather it is recycled.
✔✔What are AUTOTROPHS? - ✔✔Autotrophs are producers, and support all other
organisms.
✔✔What are HETEROTROPHS? - ✔✔Heterotrophs are primary consumers, and
depend on autotrophs.
✔✔What is SPHERICAL SYMMETRY? Give an example of an organism with spherical
symmetry. - ✔✔The body of an organism can be visualized as similar halves if any
plane passes through the center; example: sponges
✔✔What is RADIAL SYMMETRY? Give an example of an organism with radial
symmetry. - ✔✔The body of an organism can be visualized as equal halves when a
plane is passed from top to bottom and through the center; example: starfish.
✔✔What is BILATERAL SYMMETRY? Give an example of an organism with bilateral
symmetry. - ✔✔Can be visualized as one plane dividing an organism's body into two
equal halves, can be thought of as left and right/lateral sides; example: worms, clams.
✔✔What six things should be considered when determining what makes a model
system useful for research? - ✔✔- Easy to maintain
- Physical size should be convenient
- Inexpensive
- Short life cycles
- Can be genetically manipulated
- Can be used to deliver economically important results
✔✔ List the 7 most widely accepted characteristics of living organisms.: - ✔✔1.) Order
2.) Evolutionary Adaptation
3.) Regulation
4.) Energy Processing
5.) Growth and Development
6.) Response to the Environment
7.) Reproduction
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔What are EXOTOXINS? Give an example. - ✔✔A toxin that is secreted by a
bacterial cell into its surroundings; An example of an Exotoxin is the toxins that are
secreted by cholera.
✔✔What are ENDOTOXINS? Give an example. - ✔✔Endotoxins are toxins that are
present inside the bacteria and are only released upon the death of the bacterial cell
when the cell wall begins to decompose; an example of an endotoxin are the toxins
observed within salmonella.
✔✔Bacteria that causes illness are called what? - ✔✔Pathogenic Bacteria
✔✔What are DECOMPOSERS? - ✔✔Organisms that break down dead and dying
organic matter and releases vital elements into the environment.
✔✔What are SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS? - ✔✔A relationship between two
organisms in which one or both organisms benefit from the interaction; symbiotic
relationships may be mutualistic, communalistic, or parasitic.
✔✔Describe a MUTUALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. -
✔✔Mutualism refers to a relationship where there is a mutual benefit to both organisms;
an example is non-pathogenic E. Coli - this non-pathogenic bacteria protects its host
from pathogenic bacteria, and in return it obtains adequate nutrients from its host.
✔✔Describe a COMMUNALISTIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. -
✔✔Communalism occurs when only one of the organisms in the symbiotic relationship
benefits while the other is unharmed or unaffected; an example is the bacteria that lives
on the surface of human skin - the bacteria benefits by metabolizing oils and dead skin
cells, and the human remains unharmed and unaffected.
✔✔Describe a PARASITIC symbiotic relationship, and give an example. - ✔✔Parasitism
occurs when the symbiont harms the host while receiving a benefit; an example is Strep
A ('strep throat').
✔✔What are the four main kingdoms of eukaryotes? - ✔✔- Fungi
- Protista
- Plantae
- Animalia
✔✔What are some examples of FUNGI? - ✔✔Yeasts, molds, rusts, mildews, and
mushrooms.
, ✔✔What is BINARY FISSION? - ✔✔A form of asexual reproduction where the parent
body splits in half, resulting in two daughter organisms.
✔✔List some examples of PROTISTA. - ✔✔Single-cell amoeba, algae (ex: euglena),
slime molds, daphnia, and plasmodium.
✔✔What is THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS? - ✔✔Matter cannot be created
or destroyed, rather it is recycled.
✔✔What are AUTOTROPHS? - ✔✔Autotrophs are producers, and support all other
organisms.
✔✔What are HETEROTROPHS? - ✔✔Heterotrophs are primary consumers, and
depend on autotrophs.
✔✔What is SPHERICAL SYMMETRY? Give an example of an organism with spherical
symmetry. - ✔✔The body of an organism can be visualized as similar halves if any
plane passes through the center; example: sponges
✔✔What is RADIAL SYMMETRY? Give an example of an organism with radial
symmetry. - ✔✔The body of an organism can be visualized as equal halves when a
plane is passed from top to bottom and through the center; example: starfish.
✔✔What is BILATERAL SYMMETRY? Give an example of an organism with bilateral
symmetry. - ✔✔Can be visualized as one plane dividing an organism's body into two
equal halves, can be thought of as left and right/lateral sides; example: worms, clams.
✔✔What six things should be considered when determining what makes a model
system useful for research? - ✔✔- Easy to maintain
- Physical size should be convenient
- Inexpensive
- Short life cycles
- Can be genetically manipulated
- Can be used to deliver economically important results
✔✔ List the 7 most widely accepted characteristics of living organisms.: - ✔✔1.) Order
2.) Evolutionary Adaptation
3.) Regulation
4.) Energy Processing
5.) Growth and Development
6.) Response to the Environment
7.) Reproduction
