BIOD 101 UPDATED COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Explain the main difference between passive and active transport and provide an
example of each. - ✔✔-Active transport requires an input of energy to transport a
substance. Passive transport does not require an input of energy to transport a
substance.
-Osmosis is a form of passive transport
-Sodium-potassium pump is a form of active transport
✔✔Why is the electrochemical gradient important for cellular function? - ✔✔The
electrochemical gradient helps the cell maintain equilibrium
✔✔Fill-in-the-blank: Amino acids that must be obtained from food in the diet are known
as ______, and amino acids that can be manufactured by the human body are known
as _________. - ✔✔1 essential
2 non essential
✔✔What are the two distinct methods by which particles cross a selectively permeable
membrane? - ✔✔passive and active transport
✔✔What type of lipid is made up of four, fused carbon rungs with attached functional
groups that often contain an alcohol? - ✔✔steroids
✔✔What type of ion carries a negative charge? - ✔✔anion
✔✔Which double membrane-enclosed organelles are the site of cellular respiration? -
✔✔mitochondria
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Passive transport is vital for moving
essential nutrients into the cell. Should passive transport stop, the cell would cease to
function. - ✔✔False
Active transport is vital for moving essential nutrients into the cell. Should active
transport stop, the cell would cease to function.
✔✔What are the four main types of organic molecules that make up
biomacromolecules? - ✔✔Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
✔✔What type of cell junctions are mechanical structures that wrap around the cell to
prevent extracellular fluid from leaking? - ✔✔tight
, ✔✔What chemical molecules carry genetic information within the cell? - ✔✔nucleic acid
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Trace elements are required only in
small quantities. - ✔✔true
✔✔As part of the cytoskeleton, what role do microtubules serve? - ✔✔Microtubules act
as a road for organelles to travel within the cell, they assist in cell motitlity, they provide
structural support for the cell, and they form spindles for chromosome seperation.
✔✔What are the two main components of phospholipids? - ✔✔polar head and non
polar tail
✔✔Fill-in-the-Blank: _____________ is the diffusion of lipid-insoluble molecules across
a membrane - ✔✔facilitated diffusion
✔✔What occurs in a dehydration reaction? - ✔✔dehydration reaction occurs when two
molecules are covalently bonded together due to the loss of a water molecule.
✔✔Name TWO of the four types of passive transport - ✔✔(1) simple diffusion, (2)
osmosis (3) filtration, and (4) facilitated diffusion
✔✔What are the two major components embedded in a cell membrane? -
✔✔phospholipids and proteins
✔✔What is resting membrane potential? - ✔✔Resting membrane potential is when the
chemcial and electrical gradient of a cell is in equalibrium with the extracellular fluid
surrounding the cell.
✔✔List functions of proteins. - ✔✔(1) Proteins can act as enzymes and regulate
metabolic functions, (2) store amino acids, (3) act as hormones (4) form antibodies for
immunological defense (5) act as carriers for transport and also form membrane
channels, (6) form cell surface receptors to receive chemical messages and (7) act as
structural molecules for support and movement
✔✔Which of the main organic compounds serve as the primary source of fuel for
organisms? - ✔✔carbohydrates
✔✔Explain what happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution. - ✔✔When
a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will flow out of the cell towards the area of
higher solute concentration. This will cause the cell to shrink.
✔✔Which of the nitrogenous bases can be found in RNA - ✔✔Cytosine
adenine
uracil
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Explain the main difference between passive and active transport and provide an
example of each. - ✔✔-Active transport requires an input of energy to transport a
substance. Passive transport does not require an input of energy to transport a
substance.
-Osmosis is a form of passive transport
-Sodium-potassium pump is a form of active transport
✔✔Why is the electrochemical gradient important for cellular function? - ✔✔The
electrochemical gradient helps the cell maintain equilibrium
✔✔Fill-in-the-blank: Amino acids that must be obtained from food in the diet are known
as ______, and amino acids that can be manufactured by the human body are known
as _________. - ✔✔1 essential
2 non essential
✔✔What are the two distinct methods by which particles cross a selectively permeable
membrane? - ✔✔passive and active transport
✔✔What type of lipid is made up of four, fused carbon rungs with attached functional
groups that often contain an alcohol? - ✔✔steroids
✔✔What type of ion carries a negative charge? - ✔✔anion
✔✔Which double membrane-enclosed organelles are the site of cellular respiration? -
✔✔mitochondria
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Passive transport is vital for moving
essential nutrients into the cell. Should passive transport stop, the cell would cease to
function. - ✔✔False
Active transport is vital for moving essential nutrients into the cell. Should active
transport stop, the cell would cease to function.
✔✔What are the four main types of organic molecules that make up
biomacromolecules? - ✔✔Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
✔✔What type of cell junctions are mechanical structures that wrap around the cell to
prevent extracellular fluid from leaking? - ✔✔tight
, ✔✔What chemical molecules carry genetic information within the cell? - ✔✔nucleic acid
✔✔True or False; If false, make the statement true: Trace elements are required only in
small quantities. - ✔✔true
✔✔As part of the cytoskeleton, what role do microtubules serve? - ✔✔Microtubules act
as a road for organelles to travel within the cell, they assist in cell motitlity, they provide
structural support for the cell, and they form spindles for chromosome seperation.
✔✔What are the two main components of phospholipids? - ✔✔polar head and non
polar tail
✔✔Fill-in-the-Blank: _____________ is the diffusion of lipid-insoluble molecules across
a membrane - ✔✔facilitated diffusion
✔✔What occurs in a dehydration reaction? - ✔✔dehydration reaction occurs when two
molecules are covalently bonded together due to the loss of a water molecule.
✔✔Name TWO of the four types of passive transport - ✔✔(1) simple diffusion, (2)
osmosis (3) filtration, and (4) facilitated diffusion
✔✔What are the two major components embedded in a cell membrane? -
✔✔phospholipids and proteins
✔✔What is resting membrane potential? - ✔✔Resting membrane potential is when the
chemcial and electrical gradient of a cell is in equalibrium with the extracellular fluid
surrounding the cell.
✔✔List functions of proteins. - ✔✔(1) Proteins can act as enzymes and regulate
metabolic functions, (2) store amino acids, (3) act as hormones (4) form antibodies for
immunological defense (5) act as carriers for transport and also form membrane
channels, (6) form cell surface receptors to receive chemical messages and (7) act as
structural molecules for support and movement
✔✔Which of the main organic compounds serve as the primary source of fuel for
organisms? - ✔✔carbohydrates
✔✔Explain what happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution. - ✔✔When
a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will flow out of the cell towards the area of
higher solute concentration. This will cause the cell to shrink.
✔✔Which of the nitrogenous bases can be found in RNA - ✔✔Cytosine
adenine
uracil
