Chapter 30 - Nutrition_ Key Concepts and Nursing Education

Chapter 30- Nutrition
Question1of26
The nurse is providing education to a patient about the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates. Which statement by
the patient indicates a need for further education?


“Simple carbohydrates come from milk products.”
“Complex carbohydrates come from fruit.”
“Complex carbohydrates take longer to break down.”
“Simple carbohydrates give me quick energy.”

Simple carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed quickly, providing a quick source of energy. Examples are sugars such as those
derived from fruit (fructose), table sugar (sucrose), milk products (lactose), and blood sugar (glucose). Complex carbohydrates are
composed of starches, glycogen, and fiber. They take longer to break down prior to absorption and utilization by the body’s cells.

Question2of26
The nurse teaches the family member to provide the patient with how much dietary fiber per day?

20 to 35 g
25 to 40 g
25 to 35 g
20 to 40 g

Older children, adolescents, and adults should consume 20 to 35 g of fiber a day. Food sources include whole grains, wheat bran,
cereals, fresh fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Question3of26
The nurse is providing education to an older adult around a healthy diet to support the challenges related to aging. Which statement
indicates a need for further education?

“I can add spices to enhance the taste of food.”
“High-fiber foods minimize the risk of constipation.
“I should eat more calories to avoid malnutrition.”
“I should choose foods that are nutrient dense.”

Calorie needs change with aging because of more body fat and less lean muscle. Less activity further decreases calorie requirements.
Eating whole-grain foods and a variety of fruits and vegetables and drinking water may minimize the risk of constipation. The
challenge for older adults is to choose foods that are nutrient dense; these foods are high in nutrients in relation to their calories. Older
adults may experience a decreased sense of smell or taste, so the addition of spices and herbs may enhance the taste of foods.

Question4of26
When caring for an adolescent patient with anorexia nervosa, the nurse knows what would be the best treatment option for this
patient?

Individually determined by a collaborative team
Compulsory tube feedings
Hospitalization with skill nursing care
Outpatient treatment

Ultimately, the decision on how best to ethically treat an adolescent suffering from an eating disorder needs to be one of collaboration
among the child’s physician, nurse, counselor, spiritual adviser, parents, and other concerned adults. Highly skilled nursing care with
hospitalization is preferred prior to a drop in BMI levels below 13 kg/m2. Compulsory tube feedings are not always the best option.
Although most adolescents with eating disorders can be treated on an outpatient basis, those who exhibit severe depression, extreme
physical complications resulting from electrolyte imbalances, or suicidal tendencies may require extensive inpatient treatment.




Question5of26
A new UAP is measuring a patient’s height. Which step of the procedure indicates a need for the registered nurse to provide further
education on this skill?

, The UAP instructs the patient to remove shoes.
The UAP positions the head against the headboard or measuring device.
The UAP makes sure the patient is standing erect.
The UAP measures from the top of the patient’s head to the bottom of the patient’s foot arch.

Height is measured from the top of the head to the bottom of the heel. The patient is instructed to remove shoes, stand erect, and
position the top of the patient’s head against the headboard or measuring device for accuracy.

Question6of26
The nurse is performing an oral examination on a patient and notices a beefy-red tongue. The nurse identifies this as a
characteristic finding for what condition?

Malnutrition
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia
Pernicious anemia

In conditions such as pernicious anemia, a characteristic finding is a sore, smooth-surfaced, beefy-red tongue, which may interfere
with the person’s ability to chew certain foods. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are eating disorders. In malnutrition the oral mucosa
may be a darker red than normal with oral lesions and/or the tongue may reveal white irregular areas.

Question7of26
The nurse has delegated the feeding of a patient who has recently had a stroke to the UAP. Which procedure that the UAP performs
would demonstrate a need for further education?

Encourages slow eating
Uses thickened liquids
Puts the bed at 25 degrees
Has the patient alternate between food and sips of fluid

During feeding, the head of the bed needs to be elevated at 30 to 45 degrees or higher. Liquids are thickened, and patients are
encouraged to use slow-eating habits and to alternate between bites of food and sips of fluids to facilitate swallowing.

Question8of26
The nurse recognizes which outcome statement to be appropriate for the nursing diagnosis impaired swallowing?

Patient will consume 50% of each meal.
Patient will demonstrate using an assistive device to feed self.
Patient will not show any signs of aspiration during meals.
Patient will gain 2 lb a week.

An appropriate goal statement for impaired swallowing is that the patient will not exhibit any signs or symptoms of aspiration during
this hospitalization (e.g., lungs clear, respiratory rate within normal range for patient). Consuming 50% of meals and gaining weight
are appropriate goals for impaired nutritional intake. Using assistive devices is an appropriate goal for impaired self-feeding.




Question9of26
The nurse is explaining to the UAP that the patient is on a full-liquid diet. Which statement by the UAP indicates a need for
reorientation?

“I can give the patient yogurt.”
“I can give the patient oatmeal.”
“I can give the patient orange juice.”
“I can give the patient milk.”