Lecture 3.2 – case 9 immunology
Prevention
Preventive measures:
- Feed: Proper nutrition and general good care of the animals ensures
that they are less susceptible to disease. In the first instance, the
innate/congenital barriers of the animal are then in a position to
withstand intrusion. In the second, nutrition plays an important role
in the occurrence and remedying of metabolic diseases.
- Housing: Housing systems influence animal welfare, the immune
response in general, as well as the risk of infection.
- Cleaning and decontaminating: These are extremely important and
effective measures to ensure that the animals come into contact as
little as possible with pathogens by means of vectors or vehicles.
Decontamination or disinfection go a step further. Pathogens are
destroyed as far as possible by these means.
- Isolation: The transmission of pathogens from one animal to another
can be reduced by preventing (indirect) contact between animals, or
between groups of animals as far as possible.
- Vaccination: This is usually done with vaccinations containing
inactivated or weakened/attenuated pathogens, or respectively parts
thereof (weakened viruses or bacterial toxins). The animal then
builds up active immunity very specifically to counter the actual
pathogen.
Breeding measures:
However, breeding for disease resistance is not simple. The causes for this are
inter alia:
1. Susceptibility parameters for disease are unknown.
2. The often limited heritability .
3. Extension of generation interval.
Prevention
Preventive measures:
- Feed: Proper nutrition and general good care of the animals ensures
that they are less susceptible to disease. In the first instance, the
innate/congenital barriers of the animal are then in a position to
withstand intrusion. In the second, nutrition plays an important role
in the occurrence and remedying of metabolic diseases.
- Housing: Housing systems influence animal welfare, the immune
response in general, as well as the risk of infection.
- Cleaning and decontaminating: These are extremely important and
effective measures to ensure that the animals come into contact as
little as possible with pathogens by means of vectors or vehicles.
Decontamination or disinfection go a step further. Pathogens are
destroyed as far as possible by these means.
- Isolation: The transmission of pathogens from one animal to another
can be reduced by preventing (indirect) contact between animals, or
between groups of animals as far as possible.
- Vaccination: This is usually done with vaccinations containing
inactivated or weakened/attenuated pathogens, or respectively parts
thereof (weakened viruses or bacterial toxins). The animal then
builds up active immunity very specifically to counter the actual
pathogen.
Breeding measures:
However, breeding for disease resistance is not simple. The causes for this are
inter alia:
1. Susceptibility parameters for disease are unknown.
2. The often limited heritability .
3. Extension of generation interval.
