NSG 3111 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
antepartum - Answers pregnancy - before birth
Intrapartum - Answers within (during) labor and childbirth
preterm - Answers a pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of
37 weeks of gestation
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - Answers Signs that a woman may have that make her think that she
is pregnant. Including: Amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, breast changes, uterine enlargement
Probable signs of pregnancy - Answers examiner suspects a women is pregnant. such as abdominal
enlargement, hegar's sign(softening and compressibility of the lower uterus), chadwick's sign
(deepened violet-bluish color of the cervix and vaginal mucosa), goodell's sign(softening of the
cervical tip), ballottement, braxton hicks, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by examiner.
Positive signs of pregnancy - Answers audible fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner,
ultrasound visualization of fetus
GTPAL - Answers Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living
Gestational Age - Answers Age as measured in weeks from the first day of the mother's last menstrual
cycle.
postconceptional age - Answers age since conception (minus 2 weeks from gestational age)
Pregnancy - Answers 3 trimesters
1. wks 1-13
2. wks 14-26
3. wks 27-term (40)
Ways of estimating due dates - Answers height of fundus (drops at 40 wks, lightening), ultrasound,
naegele's rule (add 7 go back 3)
Stages of Labour - Answers labour stage (early and active)
birthing stage (active and passive)
placental stage
recovery stage
What do contractions cause? - Answers effacement and dilation
How are contractions described? - Answers frequency (how many in time), duration (how long for
one), intensity (height of the graph)
Station - Answers refers to the relationship between the fetal presenting part and the ischial spines
(narrowest diameter 0) either negative above or positive below
Involution of uterus - Answers process of the uterus becoming smaller, 1-2 cm daily, enhanced by
uterine contractions
Factors that slow uterine involution (subinvolution) - Answers full bladder, difficult prolonged labour,
incomplete expulsion of placenta, over distension of uterus, anesthetics etc
Types of lochia - Answers Rubra (red) - lasts 3 to 5 days
Serosa (pink) - lasts 22 to 27 days
Alba (white) - continues for 10 to 14 days
Immediate Newborn Assessment - Answers time of birth, apgar at 1 and 5 mins, color of amniotic
fluid
Newborn care during recovery stage - Answers weight, measurements, medication prophylaxis (VK
and eryth), monitoring adaptations
heart structures exclusive to fetuses - Answers Ductus arteriosus (bypass lungs), foramen ovale
(between atria), ductus venosus (bypass liver)
why are infants at risk of hyperbilirubinemia - Answers bilirubin produced 2x as much as in adults,
causes jaundice and increases risk of HB
stages of intrauterine development - Answers ovum
embryo
fetal
what happens during the ovum phase of intrauterine development - Answers primary germ layers
begin to develop: ectoderm (hair, nails, skin), mesoderm (muscle, bones) and endoderm (epithelium)
what is the most critical phase of intrauterine development - Answers fetal - lots of differentiation
, what are the membranes of the placenta - Answers chorion: lining of uterus on fetal side of placenta,
includes blood vessels
amnion: covers the umbilical cord and chorion on fetal surface of placenta, eventually surrounds fetus
with amniotic fluid
oligohydramnios - Answers lessthan 300 mL of amniotic fluid related to renal abnormalities
Polyhydramnios - Answers more than 2000 mL of amniotic fluid, associated with GI malformations etc
quickening - Answers the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother
lightening - Answers the sensation of the fetus moving from high in the abdomen to low in the birth
canal
goodells sign - Answers softening of cervical tip
chadwicks sign - Answers Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy
as a result of increased vascular congestion.
Braxton Hicks contractions - Answers intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with
increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses
Usually ceases with ambulation
Does not increase intensity or duration (remember graph)
Does not cause cervical dilation
leukorrhea - Answers a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina
ballottement - Answers rebound of unengaged fetus, floating
funic souffle - Answers swishing sound of blood circulating through umbilical cord
ptyalism - Answers excessive salivation
Hegar's sign - Answers softening of the lower uterine segment
what vessels are in the umbilical cord - Answers 2 arteries (away from fetus) and 1 vein (to the fetus)
Wharton's jelly - Answers mucoid connective tissue that surrounds the vessels within the umbilical
cord
nuchal cord - Answers Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.
yolk sac - Answers a specialized structure that leads to the digestive tract of and provides fetus with
food during early development
Placenta - Answers A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply
Functions of placenta - Answers metabolic: respirations, nutrition, excretion, storage
endocrine: E&P, hcg, hcs
cephalocaudal development - Answers the pattern of growth in which areas near the head develop
earlier than areas farther from the head
vernix caseosa - Answers superficial layer, cells sloughed and become mixed with the sebaceous gland
secretions to form the white cheesy vernix
lanugo - Answers fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or
newborn.
colostrum - Answers a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a
form that the newborn can digest
genogram - Answers A family diagram that depicts each member of the family and shows connections
between the generations. (internal structure)
ecomap - Answers A form of documentation diagramming a family's social environment. (external
environment)
rH disease - Answers Antibodies in the mothers body (rh -) attack the blood cells of the fetus (rh +)
Prolactin - Answers stimulates milk production
oxytocin - Answers A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions
during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Love hormone
insulin and pregnancy - Answers decreased ability to use insulin caused by placental hormones,
increases production to compensate
cortisol - Answers stimulates insulin, increases resistance to it
aldosterone - Answers reabsorption of Na from kidneys (d/t more volume need more Na)
antepartum - Answers pregnancy - before birth
Intrapartum - Answers within (during) labor and childbirth
preterm - Answers a pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of
37 weeks of gestation
Presumptive signs of pregnancy - Answers Signs that a woman may have that make her think that she
is pregnant. Including: Amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, breast changes, uterine enlargement
Probable signs of pregnancy - Answers examiner suspects a women is pregnant. such as abdominal
enlargement, hegar's sign(softening and compressibility of the lower uterus), chadwick's sign
(deepened violet-bluish color of the cervix and vaginal mucosa), goodell's sign(softening of the
cervical tip), ballottement, braxton hicks, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline felt by examiner.
Positive signs of pregnancy - Answers audible fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner,
ultrasound visualization of fetus
GTPAL - Answers Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living
Gestational Age - Answers Age as measured in weeks from the first day of the mother's last menstrual
cycle.
postconceptional age - Answers age since conception (minus 2 weeks from gestational age)
Pregnancy - Answers 3 trimesters
1. wks 1-13
2. wks 14-26
3. wks 27-term (40)
Ways of estimating due dates - Answers height of fundus (drops at 40 wks, lightening), ultrasound,
naegele's rule (add 7 go back 3)
Stages of Labour - Answers labour stage (early and active)
birthing stage (active and passive)
placental stage
recovery stage
What do contractions cause? - Answers effacement and dilation
How are contractions described? - Answers frequency (how many in time), duration (how long for
one), intensity (height of the graph)
Station - Answers refers to the relationship between the fetal presenting part and the ischial spines
(narrowest diameter 0) either negative above or positive below
Involution of uterus - Answers process of the uterus becoming smaller, 1-2 cm daily, enhanced by
uterine contractions
Factors that slow uterine involution (subinvolution) - Answers full bladder, difficult prolonged labour,
incomplete expulsion of placenta, over distension of uterus, anesthetics etc
Types of lochia - Answers Rubra (red) - lasts 3 to 5 days
Serosa (pink) - lasts 22 to 27 days
Alba (white) - continues for 10 to 14 days
Immediate Newborn Assessment - Answers time of birth, apgar at 1 and 5 mins, color of amniotic
fluid
Newborn care during recovery stage - Answers weight, measurements, medication prophylaxis (VK
and eryth), monitoring adaptations
heart structures exclusive to fetuses - Answers Ductus arteriosus (bypass lungs), foramen ovale
(between atria), ductus venosus (bypass liver)
why are infants at risk of hyperbilirubinemia - Answers bilirubin produced 2x as much as in adults,
causes jaundice and increases risk of HB
stages of intrauterine development - Answers ovum
embryo
fetal
what happens during the ovum phase of intrauterine development - Answers primary germ layers
begin to develop: ectoderm (hair, nails, skin), mesoderm (muscle, bones) and endoderm (epithelium)
what is the most critical phase of intrauterine development - Answers fetal - lots of differentiation
, what are the membranes of the placenta - Answers chorion: lining of uterus on fetal side of placenta,
includes blood vessels
amnion: covers the umbilical cord and chorion on fetal surface of placenta, eventually surrounds fetus
with amniotic fluid
oligohydramnios - Answers lessthan 300 mL of amniotic fluid related to renal abnormalities
Polyhydramnios - Answers more than 2000 mL of amniotic fluid, associated with GI malformations etc
quickening - Answers the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother
lightening - Answers the sensation of the fetus moving from high in the abdomen to low in the birth
canal
goodells sign - Answers softening of cervical tip
chadwicks sign - Answers Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy
as a result of increased vascular congestion.
Braxton Hicks contractions - Answers intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with
increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses
Usually ceases with ambulation
Does not increase intensity or duration (remember graph)
Does not cause cervical dilation
leukorrhea - Answers a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina
ballottement - Answers rebound of unengaged fetus, floating
funic souffle - Answers swishing sound of blood circulating through umbilical cord
ptyalism - Answers excessive salivation
Hegar's sign - Answers softening of the lower uterine segment
what vessels are in the umbilical cord - Answers 2 arteries (away from fetus) and 1 vein (to the fetus)
Wharton's jelly - Answers mucoid connective tissue that surrounds the vessels within the umbilical
cord
nuchal cord - Answers Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.
yolk sac - Answers a specialized structure that leads to the digestive tract of and provides fetus with
food during early development
Placenta - Answers A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply
Functions of placenta - Answers metabolic: respirations, nutrition, excretion, storage
endocrine: E&P, hcg, hcs
cephalocaudal development - Answers the pattern of growth in which areas near the head develop
earlier than areas farther from the head
vernix caseosa - Answers superficial layer, cells sloughed and become mixed with the sebaceous gland
secretions to form the white cheesy vernix
lanugo - Answers fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or
newborn.
colostrum - Answers a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a
form that the newborn can digest
genogram - Answers A family diagram that depicts each member of the family and shows connections
between the generations. (internal structure)
ecomap - Answers A form of documentation diagramming a family's social environment. (external
environment)
rH disease - Answers Antibodies in the mothers body (rh -) attack the blood cells of the fetus (rh +)
Prolactin - Answers stimulates milk production
oxytocin - Answers A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions
during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Love hormone
insulin and pregnancy - Answers decreased ability to use insulin caused by placental hormones,
increases production to compensate
cortisol - Answers stimulates insulin, increases resistance to it
aldosterone - Answers reabsorption of Na from kidneys (d/t more volume need more Na)
