NR 325 Final Exam 1 Adult Health
Questions and Answers Verified
Answers 2026 Latest Update
What is the range of normal blood sugar? --SOLUTION>>70-100 mg/dL
What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? --SOLUTION>>to regulate blood
glucose levels on a consistent basis
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? --SOLUTION>>Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? --SOLUTION>>because your body is
trying to get rid of the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? --SOLUTION>>because your body thinks
its dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? --SOLUTION>>polyphagia means super
hungry People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose
being let into the cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This
makes the body think that it needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? -
Correct Answer= -kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing of f excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium
out of the cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing
DKA? Then what would you do? --SOLUTION>>First give fluids (isotonic- NS
0.9%NaCl) Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing
DKA? why? --SOLUTION>>they compensate via their respiratory system
(deep, rapid respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are
in metabolic acidosis.
*This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a
therapeutic approach is needed to help the problem
,What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? --SOLUTION>>It is used in
diabetes and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin
sensitivity
, What should be tried before metformin therapy? --SOLUTION>>lifestyle changes
What makes insulin? --SOLUTION>>beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA
How long does this stage last? --SOLUTION>>honeymoon period lasts 3- 12
months after diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin
is needed because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? --SOLUTION>>They stand for beta cell
decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being
produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of
diabetes?
--SOLUTION>>Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to
be labeled diabetes
What does A1C measure? --SOLUTION>>amount of glucose on
hemoglobin in the blood
What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-
diabetic?
--SOLUTION>>140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high enough to
be labeled diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? --SOLUTION>>100-
125 mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose
and 2 Hr GTT for someone with Type II DM? --SOLUTION>>A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200
mg/dL 2 Hr GTT- >/=
200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? --SOLUTION>>it tricks the brain because
our body cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and causes
weight gain
Alcohol blocks --
SOLUTION>>causing low plasma glucose levels
When mixing insulins, what is the correct process? --SOLUTION>>Air into
cloudy Air into clear
Draw up clear
Questions and Answers Verified
Answers 2026 Latest Update
What is the range of normal blood sugar? --SOLUTION>>70-100 mg/dL
What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? --SOLUTION>>to regulate blood
glucose levels on a consistent basis
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? --SOLUTION>>Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? --SOLUTION>>because your body is
trying to get rid of the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? --SOLUTION>>because your body thinks
its dehydrated from all the urination
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes? --SOLUTION>>polyphagia means super
hungry People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose
being let into the cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This
makes the body think that it needs more glucose
What are some signs that a person is experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? -
Correct Answer= -kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing of f excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
-increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium
out of the cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
What would be the first thing you would do for someone who is experiencing
DKA? Then what would you do? --SOLUTION>>First give fluids (isotonic- NS
0.9%NaCl) Then, give regular insulin by IV.
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
What kind of compensation does the body do when someone is experiencing
DKA? why? --SOLUTION>>they compensate via their respiratory system
(deep, rapid respirations) because when they are experiencing DKA they are
in metabolic acidosis.
*This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a
therapeutic approach is needed to help the problem
,What is metformin used for? what is its MOA? --SOLUTION>>It is used in
diabetes and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin
sensitivity
, What should be tried before metformin therapy? --SOLUTION>>lifestyle changes
What makes insulin? --SOLUTION>>beta cells in the pancreas
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA
How long does this stage last? --SOLUTION>>honeymoon period lasts 3- 12
months after diagnosis
It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin
is needed because their are still beta cells creating insulin
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for? --SOLUTION>>They stand for beta cell
decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the less insulin is being
produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% they are in what category of
diabetes?
--SOLUTION>>Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to
be labeled diabetes
What does A1C measure? --SOLUTION>>amount of glucose on
hemoglobin in the blood
What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose tolerance test) is considered pre-
diabetic?
--SOLUTION>>140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high enough to
be labeled diabetes
What range of intermittent fasting glucose is pre-diabetic? --SOLUTION>>100-
125 mg/dL
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose
and 2 Hr GTT for someone with Type II DM? --SOLUTION>>A1C- > 6.4
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
random BG- > 200
mg/dL 2 Hr GTT- >/=
200 mg/dL
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad? --SOLUTION>>it tricks the brain because
our body cannot process it, which makes you crave more sugar and causes
weight gain
Alcohol blocks --
SOLUTION>>causing low plasma glucose levels
When mixing insulins, what is the correct process? --SOLUTION>>Air into
cloudy Air into clear
Draw up clear
