NSG 552 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM #1 MODULES 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pharmacokinetics - (answer)Studies how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacodynamics - (answer)Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic - (answer)- first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for
psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine),
perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic - (answer)- examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel
(quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS - (answer)Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina medications. AKA drug
induced movement disorder. May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tardive dyskinesia - (answer)- characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
,NSG 552 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM #1 MODULES 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
- movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling, tongue
protrusion
Upregulation - (answer)Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell
increases its response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific response
downregulation - (answer)Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a
decreased response by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles - (answer)FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C,
and a1 receptors
Binding - (answer)When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels
to open or close.
Affinity - (answer)The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures
CYP450 - (answer)- membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of
xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug metabolism and
increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum concentation of other drugs
metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways - (answer)- mesolimbic (positive sx)
, NSG 552 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM #1 MODULES 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
- tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
Metabolic Syndrome - (answer)cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and cardiovascular
disease (obesity, HTN, high triglycerides, low HDL, insulin resistance)
-increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some antipsychotic medications, primarily SGA
High Potency vs Low Potency - (answer)High potency: higher risk for EPS/hyperprolactinemia. Effective
at lower doses. Haldol, risperdal, prolixin, olanzapine
Low potency: more sedating with more anticholinergic symptoms. Thorazine, seroquel, clozaril, geodon
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) - (answer)- Life threatening
- occur with use of dopamine receptor antagonists or when dopaminergic medidcation are suddenly
withdrawn
- sx usually begin within 2 wks of starting a new med or changing dose.
- Characterized by fever, AMS, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfuncton
- Dantrolene sodium is FDA approved to treat. Muscle relaxant that reduces hyperthermia/muscle
stiffness
QTC interval - (answer)-measurement of the left ventricle's repolarization efficiency on ECG.
- usually 350-450 (men), 360-460 (women)
-associated with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias
-antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs can prolong QT intervals, some more than others
The study of the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: -
(answer)Psychopharmacology
The study of what the body does to drugs: - (answer)Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics - (answer)Studies how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacodynamics - (answer)Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic - (answer)- first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for
psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin (fluphenazine),
perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic - (answer)- examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel
(quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS - (answer)Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina medications. AKA drug
induced movement disorder. May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tardive dyskinesia - (answer)- characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
,NSG 552 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM #1 MODULES 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
- movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill rolling, tongue
protrusion
Upregulation - (answer)Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell
increases its response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific response
downregulation - (answer)Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a
decreased response by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles - (answer)FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C,
and a1 receptors
Binding - (answer)When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels
to open or close.
Affinity - (answer)The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures
CYP450 - (answer)- membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of
xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased drug metabolism and
increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum concentation of other drugs
metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways - (answer)- mesolimbic (positive sx)
, NSG 552 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM #1 MODULES 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
- tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
Metabolic Syndrome - (answer)cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and cardiovascular
disease (obesity, HTN, high triglycerides, low HDL, insulin resistance)
-increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some antipsychotic medications, primarily SGA
High Potency vs Low Potency - (answer)High potency: higher risk for EPS/hyperprolactinemia. Effective
at lower doses. Haldol, risperdal, prolixin, olanzapine
Low potency: more sedating with more anticholinergic symptoms. Thorazine, seroquel, clozaril, geodon
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) - (answer)- Life threatening
- occur with use of dopamine receptor antagonists or when dopaminergic medidcation are suddenly
withdrawn
- sx usually begin within 2 wks of starting a new med or changing dose.
- Characterized by fever, AMS, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfuncton
- Dantrolene sodium is FDA approved to treat. Muscle relaxant that reduces hyperthermia/muscle
stiffness
QTC interval - (answer)-measurement of the left ventricle's repolarization efficiency on ECG.
- usually 350-450 (men), 360-460 (women)
-associated with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias
-antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs can prolong QT intervals, some more than others
The study of the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: -
(answer)Psychopharmacology
The study of what the body does to drugs: - (answer)Pharmacokinetics
