Psychology 101 Chapters 1-5
Questions with Correct Answers
ethics - ANSWERSset of standards that govern the conduct of a person or members of
a profession
three things that make people especially
difficult to study: - ANSWERScomplexity, variability, reactivity
empiricism - ANSWERSgenerally used to describe any attempt to acquire knowledge by
observing objects or events
dogmatism - ANSWERSthe tendency for people
to cling to their assumptions
Law of Parsimony - ANSWERSsimpler is better
descriptive research - ANSWERShow humans and other animals behave in natural
settings
naturalistic observation - ANSWERSwatching behavior in real-world settings
survey research - ANSWERSobtained through questionnaires or
interviews
correlation - ANSWERSthe "co-relationship" or pattern of covariation between two
variables, each of which has been measured several times
variable - ANSWERSa property whose value can
vary or change
third-variable correlation - ANSWERSthe fact that two variables may be correlated only
because they are both caused by a third variable
experimental research - ANSWERSdetermines causation- how one variable a ffects
another
independent variable - ANSWERSexperimenter manipulates
dependent variable - ANSWERSexperimenter measures to see whether manipulation
had an effect
, placebo effect - ANSWERSimprovement resulting from the mere expectation of
improvement
nocebo effect - ANSWERSarm resulting from the mere expectation of harm (e.g.,
voodoo doll phenomenon)
experimenter expectancy effect - ANSWERSphenomenon in which researchersʼ
hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias a study outcome
demand characteristics - ANSWERScues that participants pick up from a study that
allow them to generate guesses
regarding the researcherʼs hypotheses
double-blind observation - ANSWERSan observation whose true purpose is hidden
from the researchers as well as from the participant.
Flourens - ANSWERSemphasized the importance experimental research on the brain;
carefully controlled experiments on
animals to determine localities of brain and their functions; moved the field of brain
research into a more scientific arena
nervous system - ANSWERSan interacting network of neurons that conveys
electrochemical information throughout the body
neuron - ANSWERScells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to
perform information-processing tasks
glial - ANSWERSform myelin sheath covering of axons; form blood-brain barrier to
protect the
brain; respond to injury; remove debris
three major types of neurons - ANSWERSsensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons
all-or-none-law - ANSWERSaction potentials occur either at a uniform intensity, or they
do not occur
absolute refractory period - ANSWERSperiod immediately following the action potential
myelin sheath - ANSWERSa layer of fatty insulation that surrounds the axon
synaptic space - ANSWERSa tiny gap between the axon terminal and the next neuron
neurotransmitters - ANSWERSchemical substances that carry messages across the
synaptic space to other neurons, muscles, or glands
Questions with Correct Answers
ethics - ANSWERSset of standards that govern the conduct of a person or members of
a profession
three things that make people especially
difficult to study: - ANSWERScomplexity, variability, reactivity
empiricism - ANSWERSgenerally used to describe any attempt to acquire knowledge by
observing objects or events
dogmatism - ANSWERSthe tendency for people
to cling to their assumptions
Law of Parsimony - ANSWERSsimpler is better
descriptive research - ANSWERShow humans and other animals behave in natural
settings
naturalistic observation - ANSWERSwatching behavior in real-world settings
survey research - ANSWERSobtained through questionnaires or
interviews
correlation - ANSWERSthe "co-relationship" or pattern of covariation between two
variables, each of which has been measured several times
variable - ANSWERSa property whose value can
vary or change
third-variable correlation - ANSWERSthe fact that two variables may be correlated only
because they are both caused by a third variable
experimental research - ANSWERSdetermines causation- how one variable a ffects
another
independent variable - ANSWERSexperimenter manipulates
dependent variable - ANSWERSexperimenter measures to see whether manipulation
had an effect
, placebo effect - ANSWERSimprovement resulting from the mere expectation of
improvement
nocebo effect - ANSWERSarm resulting from the mere expectation of harm (e.g.,
voodoo doll phenomenon)
experimenter expectancy effect - ANSWERSphenomenon in which researchersʼ
hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias a study outcome
demand characteristics - ANSWERScues that participants pick up from a study that
allow them to generate guesses
regarding the researcherʼs hypotheses
double-blind observation - ANSWERSan observation whose true purpose is hidden
from the researchers as well as from the participant.
Flourens - ANSWERSemphasized the importance experimental research on the brain;
carefully controlled experiments on
animals to determine localities of brain and their functions; moved the field of brain
research into a more scientific arena
nervous system - ANSWERSan interacting network of neurons that conveys
electrochemical information throughout the body
neuron - ANSWERScells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to
perform information-processing tasks
glial - ANSWERSform myelin sheath covering of axons; form blood-brain barrier to
protect the
brain; respond to injury; remove debris
three major types of neurons - ANSWERSsensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons
all-or-none-law - ANSWERSaction potentials occur either at a uniform intensity, or they
do not occur
absolute refractory period - ANSWERSperiod immediately following the action potential
myelin sheath - ANSWERSa layer of fatty insulation that surrounds the axon
synaptic space - ANSWERSa tiny gap between the axon terminal and the next neuron
neurotransmitters - ANSWERSchemical substances that carry messages across the
synaptic space to other neurons, muscles, or glands
