Psychology 101-- Module 1 and 2
Questions with Correct Answers
Empirical Approach - ANSWERSan evidence-based method that draws on observation
and experimentation
The Scientific Attitude - ANSWERSthree basic attitudes helped make modern science
possible
The three scientific attitudes - ANSWERSCuriosity, Skepticism, Humility
Critical Thinking - ANSWERSthinking that does not blindly accept arguments and
conclusions. Rather is examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden
biases, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions.
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWERScreated an experiment that measured reaction time. People
responded about 1/10 of a second after hearing a sound. Wundt was seeking to
measure the "Atoms of the mind"
Titchener - ANSWERSUsed introspections to search for the mind's structural elements
He engaged people in self-reflective introspection( looking inward) and trained them to
report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, listened to a metronome,
etc.
Structuralism - ANSWERSan early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener;
used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
What were the mind and consciousness?
How successful was structuralism? - ANSWERSIt proved to be somewhat unreliable.
Required smart verbal people and the results varied from person to person
Functionalism - ANSWERSan early school of thought promoted by James and
influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-- how
they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish.
William James - ANSWERSwanted to go beyond labelling our inward thoughts and
feelings by considering their evolved functions. Smelling is for the nose and thinking is
for the brain but why do they do these things?
Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWERScompleted all of Harvard's Phd Requirements but
Harvard denied her the degree that she had earned and instead offered her a degree
from Radcliffe College.
, Margaret Floy Washburn - ANSWERSThe first Woman to receive a psychology Phd.
She synthesized animal behavior research in the Animal Mind(1908), a book she wrote.
Became 2nd female president of the APA in 1921
B.F. Skinner - ANSWERSLeading behaviorist rejected introspection and studied how
consequences shape behavior
psychology was defined as the - ANSWERS"science of mental life"
Behaviorism - ANSWERSone of psychology's two major forces in the 1960s, ;
psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without mental
processes.
Freudian Psychology - ANSWERSSigmund Freud's psychology emphasized the ways
our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior.
Humanistic Psychology - ANSWERSit focused on our needs for love and acceptance
and on environments that nurture or limit personal growth; Carl Rogers and Abraham
Maslow found that both behaviorism and Freudian psychology were too limiting.
From 1920s to 1960s The two major forces in psychology were -
ANSWERSbehaviorism and Freud's psychoanalytic psychology.
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWERShow we perceive, process and remember
information and of how thinking and emotion interact with anxiety, depression and other
disorders.
Psychology - ANSWERSScience of behavior and mental processes.
Behavior - ANSWERSanything an organism does, and anything we can observe or
record; Mental processes our internal and subjective experiences-- our sensations,
perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs and feelings.
Evolutionary psychology - ANSWERSthe study of the evolution of behavior and the
mind, using principles of natural selection.
Behavior Genetics - ANSWERSfrom evolutionary psych
Behavior Genetics - ANSWERSthe study of relative power and limits or genetic and
environmental influences on behavior.
This is the nature vs nurture debate - ANSWERSThe controversy over the relative
contributions that genes and experience make to the development or psychological
traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the
interaction of nature and nurture.
Questions with Correct Answers
Empirical Approach - ANSWERSan evidence-based method that draws on observation
and experimentation
The Scientific Attitude - ANSWERSthree basic attitudes helped make modern science
possible
The three scientific attitudes - ANSWERSCuriosity, Skepticism, Humility
Critical Thinking - ANSWERSthinking that does not blindly accept arguments and
conclusions. Rather is examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden
biases, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions.
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWERScreated an experiment that measured reaction time. People
responded about 1/10 of a second after hearing a sound. Wundt was seeking to
measure the "Atoms of the mind"
Titchener - ANSWERSUsed introspections to search for the mind's structural elements
He engaged people in self-reflective introspection( looking inward) and trained them to
report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, listened to a metronome,
etc.
Structuralism - ANSWERSan early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener;
used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
What were the mind and consciousness?
How successful was structuralism? - ANSWERSIt proved to be somewhat unreliable.
Required smart verbal people and the results varied from person to person
Functionalism - ANSWERSan early school of thought promoted by James and
influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-- how
they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish.
William James - ANSWERSwanted to go beyond labelling our inward thoughts and
feelings by considering their evolved functions. Smelling is for the nose and thinking is
for the brain but why do they do these things?
Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWERScompleted all of Harvard's Phd Requirements but
Harvard denied her the degree that she had earned and instead offered her a degree
from Radcliffe College.
, Margaret Floy Washburn - ANSWERSThe first Woman to receive a psychology Phd.
She synthesized animal behavior research in the Animal Mind(1908), a book she wrote.
Became 2nd female president of the APA in 1921
B.F. Skinner - ANSWERSLeading behaviorist rejected introspection and studied how
consequences shape behavior
psychology was defined as the - ANSWERS"science of mental life"
Behaviorism - ANSWERSone of psychology's two major forces in the 1960s, ;
psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without mental
processes.
Freudian Psychology - ANSWERSSigmund Freud's psychology emphasized the ways
our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior.
Humanistic Psychology - ANSWERSit focused on our needs for love and acceptance
and on environments that nurture or limit personal growth; Carl Rogers and Abraham
Maslow found that both behaviorism and Freudian psychology were too limiting.
From 1920s to 1960s The two major forces in psychology were -
ANSWERSbehaviorism and Freud's psychoanalytic psychology.
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWERShow we perceive, process and remember
information and of how thinking and emotion interact with anxiety, depression and other
disorders.
Psychology - ANSWERSScience of behavior and mental processes.
Behavior - ANSWERSanything an organism does, and anything we can observe or
record; Mental processes our internal and subjective experiences-- our sensations,
perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs and feelings.
Evolutionary psychology - ANSWERSthe study of the evolution of behavior and the
mind, using principles of natural selection.
Behavior Genetics - ANSWERSfrom evolutionary psych
Behavior Genetics - ANSWERSthe study of relative power and limits or genetic and
environmental influences on behavior.
This is the nature vs nurture debate - ANSWERSThe controversy over the relative
contributions that genes and experience make to the development or psychological
traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the
interaction of nature and nurture.
